上海龙凤1314Period 3-5 Intensive Reading

上海龙凤13141. (Page18, Line2) open up 打开；开发；开始

e.g.: They opened the country up to trade. 他们开放国家，以进行贸易。

拓展

上海龙凤1314be open to 对...开放的, 易受...的

上海龙凤1314in the open 在户外，在野外

keep one’s eyes open 留心, 注意

上海龙凤1314lay open 摊开（书等）

throw open 突然打开, 大开

open fire on/upon at 向...开火

2. (Page18, Line2)There is a high/strong probability/ possibility that……

上海龙凤1314There is possibility that…很有可能/有可能

类似结构：

上海龙凤1314It is probable that… It is possible that…

上海龙凤1314e.g.: Because he works so hard, there is a high probability that he will pass the language exam.

There is little possibility of his success/ tht hw will succeed.他成功的可能性很小。

上海龙凤1314★It’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth.

It’s probable/possible that…

上海龙凤1314It’s likely that…

上海龙凤1314sb./sth. is likely to do sth.

拓展

上海龙凤1314There is no doubt that +从句/there is no doubt about sth 毫无疑问

There is no need for sb to do sth某人没必要做某事/there is no need that +从句 没必要…

It’s no use doing sth 做谋事没必要

3. (Page18, Line7) recommend /rek mend / vt. ①建议；②推荐，介绍

○1作“建议”时，+ n./ pron./ -ing/ O.C. /sb to do sth

[注意] 接that从句时用虚拟语气 （should）do。

上海龙凤1314e.g.: He recommended reading the book Gone With the Wind before seeing the film. 他建议先看《飘》这本书，然后再看电影。

上海龙凤1314He recommended buying an English-English dictionary.

上海龙凤1314The doctor recommended a good rest. She took his advice. 医生建议好好休息，她听取了他的建议。

In her e-mail, my best friend recommended that I (should) pay more attention to my health. 我最好的朋友在她的邮件里劝我多注意身体。

I recommend you to think very carefully before you make nay decision. 我建议你仔细考虑之后再做决定。

○2作“推荐，介绍”讲时，一般直接加名词作宾语。

e.g.: I asked Tom to recommend a good hotel because my classmates planned to take a trip to his city. 我让汤姆推荐个好旅馆，因为我们班同学准备到他所在的城市旅行。

【常见搭配】recommend sth. to sb. =recommend sb. sth.向某人推荐某物

上海龙凤1314e.g.: I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in chemistry. 我把这本书推荐给任何一个对化学感兴趣的人。

recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人做某事

recommend sb. as sth. 推荐某人为……

上海龙凤1314recommend doing sth. 建议做某事

recommend sb. to do sth.=recommend that sb. (should) do sth.

4. (Page18, Line11) It be + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that +句子其他部分。当被强调部分指人且做主语时，可用who代that, 被强调的部分指人且做宾语时， 可用whom代that..

It之后的be 常用is或was, 视that之后的句子的时态而定。如果that之后的句子用的是过去的某种时态，则用was; 如果that之后的句子用的是现在的某种时态或一般将来时，则用is。有时可用must be, must have been, can’t be, may/might be 等表示推测的谓语形式。

e.g.: It was a glass that Mary broke.

It must be my book that he is reading.

It is Mary and Jack that who often help us.

上海龙凤13145. (Page18, Line13) trial n. a test to see if sth is effective or sth is suitable 试验，试用;审问，审判，考验

相关短语

on trial 在审理中，在实验中，在测试中

go on trial 受到审判

come to trial 开庭审理

上海龙凤1314trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索

上海龙凤1314e.g.: He is on trial for murder. 他因涉嫌谋杀而受审。

上海龙凤1314The case never came to the trial.这个案件从未开庭受审。

Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error. 儿童通过反复摸索才会运用计算机程序。

上海龙凤13146. (Page18, Line14) take place

take after（外貌）相像; 追赶

上海龙凤1314take along随身携带

上海龙凤1314take apart 拆卸，拆开

take away 拿走，带走

上海龙凤1314take back拿回，收回

上海龙凤1314take down 写下，记下；拿下，放下

上海龙凤1314take for 把...误认为 We took him for dead. 我们原以为他死了。

take in欺骗；吸收，理解

take it easy 别紧张

take one’s time不急，慢慢来

take off 起飞；脱下;成功，成名

上海龙凤1314take on 承担；呈现；雇佣

上海龙凤1314take out 拿出，取出

take over 接收，接管

上海龙凤1314take to 喜欢，开始从事

上海龙凤1314take up 拿起，举起；开始从事，着手处理；继续；占用（时间、空间）

take…by surprise使吃惊

take….for granted认为…理所当然

take for example/ instance以….为例

take…in one’s arm拥抱

take a rest/ bath / a look at

take a deep breath深吸一口气

上海龙凤1314take (an) interest in对…感兴趣

take a lesson from从…中吸取教训

上海龙凤1314take a message for ab.给…捎个信儿

take a risk/ risks 冒险

上海龙凤1314take a sip喝一小口

take a /one’s seat坐下，坐好

take…for… vt. 把……当作……,把……视为

上海龙凤1314take aside vt. 把……带到旁边

上海龙凤1314take chance碰运气

上海龙凤1314take action采取行动

上海龙凤1314take care of 照顾，照料

上海龙凤1314take charge of负责，主管

take/ have exams参加考试

take exercise做运动

take hold of抓住，握住

take …into account/ consideration把…考虑进去

take/ have medicine服药

take note/ notice of注意

take notes作笔记

take one’s time别急，慢慢来

take/ follow one’s advice采纳…的建议

take part in/ take an active part in积极参加

上海龙凤1314take pictures/ photos照相

上海龙凤1314take /have pity on sb同情…

take place发生

take pleasure in doing sth喜欢做…

take possession of拥有，占有

take power当权，执政

take office就职，上任

take pains下工夫，花力气

take pride in以…为荣

take one’s place/ seat代替

take sb/ sth seriously 认真对待…

上海龙凤1314take the place of代替，取代

take turns to do/ at doing轮流做…

take the side of支持某人（方）

take sides in站在…一边

上海龙凤1314take trouble费事

上海龙凤13147. (Page18, Line17) to be sold as a standardized tablet

上海龙凤1314不定式的被动式作定语

在序数词或形容词的比较级、最高级后常用不定式作定语。如果不定式后动作和其逻辑主语为被动关系，则要用不定式的被动式。

e.g.: He was the only foreigner to be given such an honor.

上海龙凤1314他是唯一一个被授予这项荣誉的外国人。

上海龙凤1314He is the last to be invited to speak.

上海龙凤1314他是最后一个被邀请发言的人。

8. (Page18, Line20) not only…but also…只有连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装，如果置于句首的not only…but also…连接的是两个并列主语，不可用倒装。

e.g.: Not only does he write the words to the songs, but he also composes the music. 他不仅为这首歌作了词而且还谱了曲。

上海龙凤1314Not only is the problem very important, but also it is difficult to solve.

上海龙凤1314Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

他不仅拒绝了礼品而且还严厉地批评了送礼者。

★不仅我, 他也错了。Not only I but also he is wrong.

上海龙凤1314Not only you but also I am fond of music.

上海龙凤1314我和你都喜欢音乐。

★ 此句型也可写成：not only…but…或not only…but…as well的形式，但but(also)引导的句子须用正常语序。

○3not until…

e.g.: Not until he returned did we have supper. = We didn’t have supper until he returned.

Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. = He can’t fall asleep until 10:00 in the morning.

上海龙凤1314★如果not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装则是主句需倒装。

上海龙凤1314e.g.: Not until she began to speak did I realize she was my primary school teacher.

上海龙凤13149. (Page18, Line23) risk 常见搭配

上海龙凤1314risk doing sth 冒险做某事

at the risk of 冒着…的危险

take/run a risk 冒险

take/run the risk of doing 冒…的危险

at any risk不论冒什么危险

at risk 处于危险中

10. (Page18, Line24) thin vt. 变稀，变薄，变淡，变细

adj.细的，瘦的

e.g.: Add more water to the mixture to thin it.在混合物中多加点水稀释。

War and disease are the two main causes of thinning population. 战争和疾病是人口稀少的两大原因。

上海龙凤1314形容词可以转化为动词：

上海龙凤1314slow adj.慢的 v. 减慢

narrow adj.狭窄的 v. 变窄

上海龙凤1314empty adj.空的 v. 使….变空，倒空

上海龙凤1314right adj.正确的 v. 纠正，改正

dirty adj.肮脏的 v. 使….变脏

上海龙凤131411. (Page18, Line24)However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning in medicine, and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.

○1本句为并列句，其中第二个并列分句是一个结构复杂的复合句。“that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked” 是动词showed的宾语从句，其中又含有一个以which引导的非限制性定语从句which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked，修饰先行词stroke。carried out in the USA是过去分词短语，在这里作a study 的后置定语。

上海龙凤1314○2 burst 破裂，爆发

e.g.: Water pipes often burst in cold weather.

水管在寒冷的天气里经常破裂。

上海龙凤1314I felt I would burst with anger.

我感觉自己要气炸了。

She burst into the office without knocking.

她没有敲门就一下子冲进了办公室。

★ burst into + n. = burst out doing

上海龙凤1314burst into tears = burst out crying

上海龙凤1314burst into laughter = burst out laughing

○3 block vt. 阻塞，阻挡，使不通，妨碍

上海龙凤1314【常见搭配】 block sth. up 阻碍，堵塞

上海龙凤1314block sth. off （用障碍物）隔开

blockprevent sth. from 阻止……做……

上海龙凤1314e.g.: My nose is blocked up because of a heavy cold.

因为重感冒，我的鼻子不通气。

上海龙凤1314Police blocked off the street after the explosion.

爆炸之后警察隔离了那条街道。

上海龙凤1314There is a block of wood lying before us.

在我们面前横着一大块木头。

12. (Page18, Line26) carry out:to conduct or to put into practice

实施（计划）；履行（义务）；进行（实验）

上海龙凤1314carry on 继续做

上海龙凤1314carry off 夺去（生命）；获得（奖赏）

上海龙凤1314carry sb through 使某人度过（困难、危机等）

carry away运走, 拿走，冲去，掠走；吸引住（某人），使忘我

carry forward 使（事业等）进展

13. (Page19, Line30) by 到…程度，相差….幅度

e.g.: The carpet is short by three feet.地毯短了3英尺。

上海龙凤1314The level of the sea rose by 3 mm.海平面上升了3mm。

上海龙凤1314She is taller than me by 3cm.

★ reduce to减少到

increase to 增加到

increase by增加了

14. (Page19, Line38) note v.注意到；写下来

n. 笔记，记录，便条

上海龙凤1314e.g.: Please note down my words.请记下我的话。

Please note (that) the bill must be paid within ten days.请注意帐单必须在10天之内付清。

上海龙凤1314★ take note of 注意到，留意到

take / make notes/a note of 记笔记

compare notes with sb与某人交流

上海龙凤131415. (Page19, Line41) try something out on 在……上试用某物

上海龙凤1314e.g.: The drug has not been tried out on humans yet.

这种药物尚未进行过人体试验。

拓展

try on试穿

上海龙凤1314try out试用，测试，试验

try one’s best to do尽力做

have a try 试一试

16. (Page19, Line44) name vt. 说出……的名字；给……取名，命名

上海龙凤1314【常见搭配】name sb. sth. 给某人取名为…….

name sb as sth任命为

name…..after…以……名字命名

in the name of 以……的名义

by the name of 名叫

上海龙凤1314call sb names 辱骂某人

上海龙凤1314call sb’s name call sb. by name 叫某人的名字

e.g.: Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden.

上海龙凤1314The child was named after his father.

那个孩子是按他父亲名字取的名。

“名叫….”的表达方式

a student by the name of Susan

上海龙凤1314a student named Susan

a student whose name is Susan

a student, Susan by name

上海龙凤131417. (Page19, Line46)It was not until……that 是一强调结构

e.g.: It was not until midnight that I could go to sleep.

until 其他用法

e.g.: I waited until three o’clock, but he didn’t come.

上海龙凤1314He lived with his parents until he graduated from colleges.

He didn’t arrive until I returned.

They talked until dawn.

Not until 9 o’clock, did he get up. ( not until 倒装结构)

18. (Page19, Line48) purify v. 使纯净，净化，提纯

上海龙凤1314e.g.: Water is purified by passing through rock.水在穿过岩石的过程中得到净化。

上海龙凤1314Hindus purify themselves by bathing in the Ganges.

印度教徒在恒河中洗澡借以洗净他们的罪孽。

拓展

上海龙凤1314pure adj. 纯的，纯净的

上海龙凤1314purely adv. 仅仅，完全，纯粹地

e.g.: They met by pure chance.他们相遇纯属偶然。

pure gold 纯金 pure wool纯羊毛

上海龙凤1314e.g.: She took the job purely for money.她做这份工作，图的就是钱。

19. (Page19, Line48)in large/ huge/ small quantities = (in quantity) 大(少)量的

拓展

上海龙凤1314a large quantity of = large quantities of … 大量的，许多的。其后可带可数名词复数，又可带不可数名词。但a large quantity of + n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of + n.作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

上海龙凤1314e.g.: Large quantities of CO2 are released into the air.

上海龙凤1314A large quantity of CO2 is released into the air.

e.g.: Large quantities of food ________ for the winter.

上海龙凤1314A. has stored B. has been stored

C. have stored D. have been stored

上海龙凤131420. (Page19, Line50) mass

○1 adj.大量的，大规模的，大众的

上海龙凤1314mass communication 大量传达 mass meeting 群众大会

mass production 大量生产 the mass media 大众传播媒体

上海龙凤1314○2 n. 块，多数，大部分，大众

a mass of earth 土块

large masses of clouds 一大块一大块的云

the mass 大部分，主要部分

The mass of people in that country are Christian.

上海龙凤1314the masses 大众，民众

上海龙凤1314The masses are often the makers of history. 创造历史的往往是民众。

上海龙凤1314a mass of / masses of 多数，大量+ 【U】/【C】

e.g.: I have __________ of work to do today.

A. masses of B. a great number of

C. a good many D. a lot of

上海龙凤131421. (Page19, Line450) due to =because of, owing to, on account of, as the result of

e.g.: The rent is due tomorrow. (应付的, 到期的)

Have they been paid the money due to them. （应得的）

上海龙凤1314His book is due to be published in October. （预定的，预期的）

The train is due in Beijing at 3 pm. （预定的，预期的）

上海龙凤1314The meeting is due to be held next week. （预定的，预期的）

上海龙凤1314The honor is due to him. (应归功于，应给的)

上海龙凤131422. (Page19, Line55) It is (was will be) …… before…… 过了（一段时间之后）才……

e.g.: It will be many years before we meet again.

上海龙凤1314要过许多年后我们才能再次相遇。

It will be three days before she comes home.

要过三天她才会回家来。

It was ten days before he left.

过了十天他就离开了。

It was several hours before we reached the village.过了好几个小时我们才到那个村庄

拓展

上海龙凤1314It won’t be long before… 不久就会……了

上海龙凤1314It wasn’t long before… 不久就……

e.g.: It won’t be long before he comes back.不久他就会回来的。

It wasn’t long before he came to school.不久他就回到了学校。

上海龙凤131423. (Page19, Line59) wonder drug…

○1 v.感到惊奇，惊讶，想知道

上海龙凤1314wonder about sth.感到好奇，想问，想知道

上海龙凤1314wonder后常接who/ what/ how/ if/ whether等引导的宾语从句

e.g.: Have you ever wondered why she looks so sad?

她看上去这么伤心，你感到奇怪吗？

上海龙凤1314e.g.: I was _wondering_ if you would like to come with me. 我不知道你是否愿意跟我一起去。

○2 n. 奇迹，奇观； 惊奇 wonder child神童

It’s a wonder that … 奇怪的是…

上海龙凤1314(It’s) no/ small /little wonder that …难怪…/不太奇怪

上海龙凤1314e.g.: You haven’t added oil? No wonder the car doesn’t run. 你没加油？难怪车子跑不起来。

上海龙凤1314Small wonder that he was so tired!难怪他这么累。

上海龙凤1314It’s no wonder that no one got hurt.没人受伤，真是令人惊奇。

上海龙凤1314e.g.: He hasn’t slept at all for three days. C he is tired out.

A. There is point B. There is no need

上海龙凤1314C. It is no wonder D. It is no way