上海龙凤13141. Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.

上海龙凤1314科学发展如此之快，以致于超出了我们的想像。

上海龙凤1314beyond prep. （表范围）越出（某事物）范围;超越:

（表位置）在或向（某物）的远处:

上海龙凤1314*beyond one’s power非某人能力所能及的

*beyond praise 夸不胜夸的

*be beyond sb. 使人无法想像/理解/做等

①自行车没法修理了。The bicycle is beyond repair.

②We can’t see anything beyond the river because of the fog.

由于有雾，河的那边我们什么也看不见。

③ The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is _________ description.

A. with B. in C. beyond D. on

上海龙凤1314Reading : The perfect copy

1. A recent announcement by scientists that …

上海龙凤1314announcement n. 宣告，通告

上海龙凤1314*make an announcement

上海龙凤1314announce v.宣布; 宣告; 发表

*announce sth. (to sb.)

*announce (to sb.)that

①She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience.

她向激动的观众宣布了比赛的冠军。

上海龙凤1314②宣布比赛什麽时候开始了吗?

Have they announced when the race will begin?

比较declare v. 正式宣布（某事）; 表明:

declare sth./that/ sb. (to be)

① declare `war (on/against sb) 向… 宣战

上海龙凤1314② declare the meeting open/closed 宣布会议开始/结束

上海龙凤1314③ She was declared (to be) guilty. 已宣判她有罪.

2. …has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world.

上海龙凤1314shock v [尤用於被动语态] 使（某人）震惊;

上海龙凤1314*sth. shock sb.

上海龙凤1314*sb. be shocked at/by sth./ to do

*sth. be shocking 令人震惊的

上海龙凤1314① He was quite shocked to hear the shocking news.

上海龙凤1314② 她所说的真的让我很震惊。

上海龙凤1314What she said really shocked me./

上海龙凤1314I was really shocked at/by what she said.

n. [C] 震惊; 震骇; 惊愕; 强烈的冲击或震动

①I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground.

上海龙凤1314飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下.

②听说他的病很严重, 我吃了一惊.

上海龙凤1314It gave me quite a shock to be told he was seriously ill.

上海龙凤13143. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo…

on the one hand, on the other (hand) 一方面，另一方面

上海龙凤1314我不想去那里。 一方面因为我没时间，另一方面我没钱。

I don’t want to go there. On the one hand, I have no time and on the other hand, I have no money.

上海龙凤1314与hand 有关的短语：

上海龙凤1314give/lend sb. a hand 帮某人一个忙 by hand 用手工

上海龙凤1314hand in hand 手拉手 at hand 在手头上

hand in 上交 hand over ... to… 移交

上海龙凤1314hand out 分发 hand sth down …to 把… 传递给

上海龙凤1314hand on… to sb. 把… 转交/送交… 某人

上海龙凤1314 point out 指出

上海龙凤1314point at/to point … at

上海龙凤1314make a point 证明论点正确 to the point 切题，中肯

be on the point of doing 正要做某事

There is no point in doing 做某事无意义

off the point 离题，偏题

4. …if mankind interferes with nature in this way…

interfere v.

*interfere (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb)干涉; 介入; 干预:

*interfere with sb/sth. 干扰或妨碍某人/某事

①他工作的时候不要打搅他.

Don't interfere with him while he's working.

②Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you!

上海龙凤1314不要干预与你无关的事!

Translation:

上海龙凤1314I advise you not to interfere in his affairs.

我劝你别干预他的事

上海龙凤1314交通噪音干扰了我的睡眠。

The noise of traffic interfered with my sleep.

上海龙凤1314n. interfere vi. 干涉，干预

5. …on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.

上海龙凤1314On the way to doing sth 即将做

by the way 顺便问问 by way of 经由，取道

in a way 在某种程度上 in the (one’s)way 挡道，妨碍他人

in this way 以这种方式，这样 on one’s (the ) way to….去某地的路上

上海龙凤1314① The tree is ____ the way. We must chop it down.

② He is _____ the way to becoming a good lawyer.

③ I’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a storm might be ____ its way.

④ The work is well done ____ a way. （ in, on, on, in）

上海龙凤13146. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.

上海龙凤13141) praise vt/vi/n 表扬，赞扬，表彰

praise sb for sth

上海龙凤1314in praise of 极力赞美，称赞

上海龙凤1314sing high praise for 高度赞扬

2） `breakthrough n 防线;重大的发展, 发现, 突破（尤指科学知识方面）:

上海龙凤1314a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究方面的重大突破

a breakthrough in negotiations 谈判的重大进展.

break through有重要创见; 突破

Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.

科学家们说, 他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破

More phrases related to break:

break up 瓦解，解散，崩溃，打碎，分开

上海龙凤1314break down （因机械﹑ 电力等故障）停止运转, 失灵；分解（改变某物的化学成分）；（身体）垮掉

上海龙凤1314break away (from sb/sth)突然逃脱, 挣脱（束缚）

上海龙凤1314break in强行闯入/break into…强行闯入某地

break out （指激烈事件）突然发生

上海龙凤1314Ex.（1）Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.

(2) Fire broke out during the night.

(3) They decided to break up the partnership.

上海龙凤1314(4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

上海龙凤1314(5)When he returned home, he found his house broken into.

(6)The prisoner broke away from his guards.

7. His intention has never been to create copies of humans.

Intention n. [C, U]意图; 意向; 目的; 打算

*have intention of doing sth/to do/ that...有…打算

*With the intention of 有…打算

*have every intention of …一心想…

intend to do/plan to do/mean to do 打算做…

上海龙凤1314 be intended/meant/designed for sb./to do sth

intentional prep.故意的， intentionally adv. 故意地

Practice:

① I came with the/every intention of staying, but now I've decided to leave.

上海龙凤1314我来时一心想留下, 但现在我已决定离开.

② 她不是要故意伤害你。

上海龙凤1314She had no intention of hurting you.

上海龙凤1314③ The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, though.

A. had intended B. intended C. intend D. to intend

④ Those flowers were ______ for your mother on her fiftieth birthday.

A. devoted B. produced C. intended D supplied

⑤ The street in our village ______ heavy trucks.

A. never intended for B. never intend to

C. is never intended for D. is never intending for

(B, C, C)

上海龙凤13148. desperate 1)拚命的; 不顾一切的:绝望的，不顾一切的

2) 极需要（某事物[做某事]）be desperate for sth./ to do sth. 非常渴望

①为了救小女儿他急需钱

He was desperate for money to save his little daughter.

上海龙凤1314②我非常想见到经理并告诉他这个好消息。

上海龙凤1314I was desperate to see the manager and tell him the good news.

上海龙凤1314③ 当他丢了所有的钱时，他绝望了。

上海龙凤1314He was desperate when he lost all his money.

上海龙凤1314Adv. desperately 拚命; 不顾一切; 不顾死活

9.If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby tomorrow.

本句为if引导的非真实条件句，叙述与将来事实相反。

上海龙凤1314if 引导的非真实条件句

上海龙凤1314（1） 叙述与现在事实相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 从句用：v-ed/were

（2） 叙述与过去事实相反，主句用：would/should/could/might have done, if 从句用：had done

（3） 叙述与将来事实相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 从句用：v-ed/should do/were to do.

上海龙凤1314①If I ____ (have)time, I would _____ (go) to see her next week.

上海龙凤1314②He would _______(pass) the test if he _______(listen)to the teacher attentively.

③If you _____(tell) me earlier, I would _____(know) the news now.

上海龙凤1314(had/should have/were to have, go; have passed had listened; had told, know)

注意:（1）条件句中有were, had, should时，可把if省略，而把were, had, should 放在主语前，用倒装结构。

（2）有时，主句与从句的动作发生时间不一致，主句的动词和从句的动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。

④ ______ the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation.

A. Would B. Should C. Might D. Could

⑤What could have happened _____ , as far as the river bank.

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

上海龙凤1314C.had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

上海龙凤1314⑥If you were to do it, the result _____ different.

⑦Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she would regret later.

A. had said B said C might say D. might have said

(B, C, would be, D)

上海龙凤131410.Some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.

上海龙凤1314deliver v. (1)助产; 接生

上海龙凤1314(2) 递送, 传送（信件﹑ 包裹﹑ 货物等）

上海龙凤1314(3)授（课）; 讲（话）

deliver a baby –be delivered of 生下孩子

deliver a message 带话，传话

上海龙凤1314deliver a speech at a meeting 在会上讲话

上海龙凤1314deliver sth (over) to sb. 把…交付给某人

①Her baby was delivered by her own doctor.

她的婴儿是由她自己的医生给接生的。

上海龙凤1314②你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗?

Have you delivered my message to my father?

③她生了一个健康的男婴。

She was delivered of a healthy baby boy.

上海龙凤131411. … research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.

benefit *vt. benefit sb. 使（某人[某事物]）受益;

上海龙凤1314*vi benefit from/by sth从…得益 .

* n. 利益，好处 for the benefit of sb.=for sb.’s benefit 为了某人的利益

上海龙凤1314be of benefit 大有好处

上海龙凤1314*beneficial adj. 有好处的，有帮助的

上海龙凤1314be beneficial to sb./sth.

①These facilities have benefited the whole town.

这些设施使全城受益.

上海龙凤1314②新规章将使所有相关人员受益。

上海龙凤1314The new rules will be of benefit to everyone. / beneficial to

③他虽有体验却无长进.

上海龙凤1314He hasn’t benefited from his previous experience.

④别为我费功夫。

Don’t go to any trouble for my benefit.

上海龙凤131412. … or even a superman race that could one day end up replacing us.

上海龙凤1314end up 以…告终

△end up + adj/doing/prep/

上海龙凤1314①最终他不得不向父亲道歉。

At last, he had to end up apologizing to his father.

②如果他继续这样开车，总有一天会送命的。

If he carries on driving like this, he’ll end up dead.

③If you go on like this, you’ll end in prison.

上海龙凤1314end in sth 以…结尾，以…告终

come to an end 告终，结束

bring sth to an end 使…结束

from beginning to end 从头到尾

上海龙凤131413. comment n&v. 评论，注释, 解释;

上海龙凤1314Comment on/upon

make/ have comment(s) on/upon

上海龙凤1314①对于这本书他作了若干评论。

上海龙凤1314He made several comments on the book.

上海龙凤1314②This is the first draft of the book, please feel perfectly free to comment on it.

这是本书的初稿，请随意给予评论。

14.I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic.

advance n. 前进，进步；改进，改善

vt/vi.(使)前进，(使)进步，（使）增进

in advance 预先，事先

上海龙凤1314pay in advance 预先付款

上海龙凤1314stop the enemy’s advance 阻止敌军前进

上海龙凤1314recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展

① Our troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里.

② 本世纪文明有所进步吗? Has civilization advanced during this century?

advanced adj. 先进的，高等的

advanced workers 先进工作者

advanced maths 高等数学

Other phrases in Reading

1. make an announcement recently 最近宣布

2. cause/contribute to/lead to/ result in much anxiety 导致/引起焦虑

3. on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面，另一方面

4. point out one’s fault 指出某人的过错

上海龙凤13145. interfere with nature 干涉自然

上海龙凤13146. on one’s way to doing 离…不远了

7. the first mammal to be cloned 将被克隆的第一例哺乳动物

8. at a much younger age

上海龙凤13149. in general=generally

上海龙凤131410. scientific breakthrough 科学突破

上海龙凤131411. concentrate/focus efforts on 集中在…上_

12. with the intention of destroying them 带着摧毁它们的企图

上海龙凤131413. show no respect for .对…表示不敬

14. cause a lot of anxiety 引起很多不安

15. be desperate to do 拼命要做

16. push ahead with the significant policy

17. be genetically related to…一般与…有关

上海龙凤131418. push ahead with 推进

19. deliver a baby 接生(一个孩子)

上海龙凤131420. benefit mankind 造福人类

21. be faced with a desperate situation 面临绝境

上海龙凤131422. deliver supplies to flooded villagers 为受灾的村民们递送供给物

上海龙凤131423. succeed in dealing with the consequences成功地处理了这些结果

24. benefit mankind enormously

上海龙凤131425. be totally immoral to do…是绝对不道德的

上海龙凤131426. end up replacing …最终替代了…

上海龙凤131427. be delighted to do 很高兴做…

上海龙凤131428. use up Earth’s resources 耗尽地球资源

上海龙凤131429. comment on/make comment on 评论

30. in complete agreement with 与…完全一致

上海龙凤131431. challenge questions of morality for centuries 质疑道德问题好多世纪

上海龙凤131432. on a personal note 就个人而言

33. die of heart failure 死于心脏衰竭

34. have no concept of cloning 对克隆一无所知

35. have no right to go against nature 无权违背自然

上海龙凤131436. put … in place 把…放置好

37. take away his license 没收他的执照

38. declare cloning humans illegal 宣布克隆人类违法

Word Power

1. It’s uncertain whether they’ll ever succeed totally.

Whether 为_______从句，it 为形式主语。

上海龙凤1314be uncertain of/about//wh- to do 从句

sb. be certain / sure about/of sth/that…

上海龙凤1314sb. be certain /sure to do 某人一定会做

It’s certain/uncertain that… 确信/不确信

上海龙凤1314( C ) Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ______ if a mirror is broken.

A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck

上海龙凤1314C. was sure to strike D. was sure to struck

上海龙凤1314(B) Wait till you are more _____. It’s better to be sure than sorry.

A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied

上海龙凤1314(B) –Have you heard that Susan has been appointed Director of the English Department?

--After working so hard for so many years, ____.

上海龙凤1314A. she surely welcomes it. B. she certainly deserves it

上海龙凤1314C. she is welcome to it D. it’s a good news.

2. be made up of 由…组成

make up 组成，构成，化妆

be made of/from 由…制成

上海龙凤1314be made into 被制成（成品）

make the most of 充分利用=make the best of/make full use of

make up for…弥补（the lost time）

上海龙凤1314( C ) 1. The good service at the hotel _____ the poor food to some extent.

上海龙凤1314A. got rid of B. got on with

C. made up for D. made up of

上海龙凤1314( A ) 2. It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly ____ rice and vegetables. Do you like the one ____

A. consisting of; made of B. made up for; consisting of

C. made from, made of D. consisting in, consisting of

Phrases:

be opposed to +n/doing 反对

fight a hopeless battle against…

上海龙凤1314advanced technology

compare one’s body to one’s school life

上海龙凤1314A be similar to B in sth

newly found knowledge

security guards

Grammar and Task

1.figure sb/sth out 理解某人[某事物]; 弄明白，计算出

①I can’t figure out how to do this. 我一直没弄懂该怎样处理这件事。

②旅行要花多少钱你算出来了吗？

Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?

上海龙凤1314figure on (sb./sth) doing 计划，预料到

n. 数字，图表，画像，身材, 体态

上海龙凤1314have a head for figures 有算术头脑

have a good figure 身材好

上海龙凤13142. judgement n. pass /give judgement on sb. 对某人判决

上海龙凤1314Judge v.. He will act as a judge at the singing competition.在唱歌比赛中他将当裁判。

上海龙凤1314v. 判断，认为，估计，断定

He was judged to be guilty. 他被判有罪

上海龙凤1314We judge it no use trying again. 我们认为再试一次也没用

上海龙凤1314Judge by/ from -- 根据---来判断

不要以貌取人Don’t judge a person by / from his appearance.

上海龙凤1314Judging from/by her dress, she may be an actress.

3. involve vt 包括, 包含, 牵涉, 牵连（某人[某事物]）

上海龙凤1314involve sb/sth in (doing) sth (1)使某人[某事物]参与某活动或陷入某情况

上海龙凤1314(2)使某人[某事物]陷入（困境）

Sb. be involved in sth 某人热衷于…专心于，参与…

①Don't involve me in solving your problems!

你解决你的问题, 不要把我扯进去。

② 他参与了一场激烈的争论。

He was involved in a heated argument.

③她专心于解答一道难题。

上海龙凤1314She was involved in working out a puzzle.

( C )④_________in his work, he didn’t notice the time.

上海龙凤1314A. Involving B. Having involved

上海龙凤1314C. Involved D. Being involved

上海龙凤13144.behave vt 举动，表现； behavior n. 举止，行为

上海龙凤1314behave well /badly (towards sb)（ 对某人）表现好/不好

上海龙凤1314Do behave! 规矩点!

behave oneself （某人）规矩点，老实点

①父亲让这个调皮的孩子在客人面前规矩点。

The naughty boy was told by his father to behave well in front of the guests.

上海龙凤1314②聚会上他表现很好。 He behaved quite well at the party.

5. majority n. 多数，多半

a/ the majority of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式

可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式

the majority 作主语，谓语动词单数/复数均可

in a /the majority 占大多数

①多数人赞成这个计划。 The majority were /was for the plan.

上海龙凤1314②The proposal was passed by a majority of 66. 这个提议以超过66票通过。

上海龙凤1314( C )③Don’t worry about the situation in the world. ______ of people prefer peace to war.

A. The most B. The great part C. The majority D. The number

(C) ④ She was elected by _____ majority of 35 ____ other candidates.

A. /, over B. a, to C. a, over D. /, to

6. conclude vi&vt 总结，下结论，结束

conclusion n. 结论

*conclude st with sth 以…结束某事

*conclude sth with sb. 跟某人达成…

*in conclusion （插入语）最后

上海龙凤1314*bring sth to conclusion = bring sth to an end

*draw/ come to/ reach a conclusion that… 得出结论

①The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock. 会议于8点结束。

②他匆忙结束了他的演讲

上海龙凤1314He concluded his speech in a hurry.

上海龙凤1314③He concluded that the plan was not workable.

His conclusion is that the plan was not workable.

He drew a conclusion that the plan was not workable.

上海龙凤13146. urge vt 催促，力劝；强烈要求，主张

urgent prep. 紧急的，紧迫的

urge sb. to do sth / urge sb into doing 力劝某人做某事

上海龙凤1314urge that sb. should do 强烈要求某人做某事

urge against 强烈反对

It is /was urged that.. (should) 有人主张…

in urgent need 急需

① The class are discussing a newspaper editorial that ____ citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.

上海龙凤1314A. ordered B. demanded C. promised D. urged

上海龙凤1314②Teachers urged us that we _____ our heart into our study.

上海龙凤1314A. put B. would put C. will put D. putting

③她强烈主张通过保护野生动物的法律。

上海龙凤1314He urged that law to protect wild animals should be passed.

7. seek vt. 征求，寻求；探索，探寻(sought-sought)

seek after /for sth 寻找，追求

seek sth from sb 向某人寻求某事

seek help/ advice /information 请求帮助/征求意见/寻求信息

上海龙凤1314seek one’s fortune 碰运气，寻求致富/成功之道

seek sb./sth. out 找出或找到某人/某物

① He spent many years ___(seeking)__ his fortune in Shanghai

上海龙凤1314② He tried every means to _seek after _______ the princess.

③ 如果你有问题，可以请他帮忙。

If you have any questions, you can seek help from him.

8. advocate v 拥护; 提倡; 支持 n. 支持者, 拥护者,提倡者 advocate sth/doing/

上海龙凤1314①He advocates reducing military spending. 他主张削减军费开支

②你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗

上海龙凤1314Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?

上海龙凤1314an advocate of environmental preservation

环保拥护者

9. alternative n 可供选择的办法或事物，adj. 可供选择的

上海龙凤1314*have no alternative but do=have no choice but to do

上海龙凤1314①You have the alternative of marrying or remaining single.

上海龙凤1314你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择.

上海龙凤1314②他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路.

上海龙凤1314Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess.

上海龙凤1314③你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。

上海龙凤1314You have the alternative of riding or walking.

10．resistant adj. 抵抗的; 对抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力的

上海龙凤1314be resistant to sth. (pests, reforms, viruses…)

与其它词连用，构成复合形容词

Water-/heat-/rust-resistant 防水/隔热/防锈

上海龙凤1314resist v. 抵抗; 对抗 ;不受（某事物）的损害或影响; 抗; 耐

上海龙凤1314resist an attack/an enemy/arrest 抵抗进攻/敌人/拘捕

resist the temptation of 抵制…诱惑

上海龙凤1314Other phrases:

上海龙凤1314an the field of science 在科学领域

上海龙凤1314a challenging profession 具有挑战的职业

上海龙凤1314figure out all the mysteries 弄明白所有的难解之谜

have/ make a breakthrough 取得突破

上海龙凤1314be cautious of/ about …谨慎，小心

look the same as 看上去和…一样

on one’s part 就某人而言

recent advances in …在…方面的新进展

上海龙凤1314get/ be bored with/ be tired of 对…厌倦

上海龙凤1314be burnt out 累垮

natural food 天然食品

thoughts on the topic 对话题的看法

上海龙凤1314in reply to 对… 答复

上海龙凤1314in response to 对…回答/响应

be totally immoral 完全不道德

上海龙凤1314follow in one’s footsteps 步…后尘，效法某人

上海龙凤1314conduct a survey 开展调查

上海龙凤1314to conclude 最后

上海龙凤1314seek the opinions of sb. 征求某人的意见

上海龙凤1314have a longer shelf life 保质期更长

上海龙凤1314concerns over the safety of GM food 对转基因食品的关注

上海龙凤1314make crops resistant to pests 使作物抗虫害

be limited to increasing production profits 局限于越来越多的生产利润

上海龙凤1314be proved safe 证明安全的

Project Having a debate

1. We further damage Earth by constructing new water channels for shipping…

construct vt. 建筑, 建造（某物）; 构成; 形成

construction n.施工; 建设; 建造物;构造物;

上海龙凤1314constructive adj.有建设性的，有帮助的

under construction 正在修建

①They are planning to construct a bridge over the river.

他们正计划在这条河上造桥。

上海龙凤1314②新铁路正在建造中。

The new railway is under construction.

上海龙凤13143. Would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favor of nature?

上海龙凤1314in favor of 支持， 赞同

in one’s favor=to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利

上海龙凤1314favor n. 恩惠，善意，支持；赞同，好感，

上海龙凤1314vt. 对…表示好感，支持，赞同，偏爱

ask a favor of sb. 请某人帮忙

do sb a favor =do a favor for sb=give sb a hand

win one’s favor 获得某人的好感

(B) ①Will you do me _____ to translate this sentence into English?

上海龙凤1314A. the favor B. a favor C. a help D. a hand

上海龙凤1314②两院一致投票赞成这项决定

Both Houses voted unanimously in favor of the decision.

③Fortune favors the brave.命运眷顾勇者。

上海龙凤13144. Other people argue that such thinking may spell disaster…

argue with sb about/ over sth 因某事同某人争论

argue for/ against sth 为赞成或反对某事而争辩

argue that…主张

上海龙凤1314argue sb. into/ out of doing sth 说服某人做

上海龙凤1314spell vt. pt, pp spelled-spelled or spelt-spelt

上海龙凤1314(a)（用字母）拼（某字）; 拼写;正确地拼（字）

上海龙凤1314(b) 招致（某事物）; 意味着

上海龙凤1314①How do you spell your name? _______

上海龙凤1314②The failure of their crops spelt disaster for farmers.

作物歉收农民就要受灾.

上海龙凤1314n. [c] 咒语; 咒; 符咒

5. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast rate.

rate n. 比率; 率, 速度; 进度, 价格，费用；

上海龙凤1314the rate of finished products 成品率

be sold at a high rate 以高价出售

postal rates 邮费

① He works at a high rate. 他工作效率很高。

② He is walking at a ___ of 4 kilometers an hour.

A. distance B. rate C. road D. difference

上海龙凤1314③火车正以每小时80公里的速度前进。

上海龙凤1314The train was going at a rate of 80 kilometers an hour.

6. Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment.

上海龙凤1314Turn out 结果证明

Sb./sth. turn out (to be) + adj./ n =It turns/turned out that…

① If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.

上海龙凤1314万一下雨的话, 我们也许得改变计划。

上海龙凤1314② The rumor turned out to be true.

→It turned out that the rumor was true.

turn over 翻转，思考 turn into 变成

turn down 调小（音量等）；拒绝 turn up 调大（音量等）；露面

turn to 向…求助；翻到 turn against 反对，背叛

turn round/around 转向，转头 turn away 转过脸去；把…打发走

上海龙凤1314turn n. 转变，变化，轮流，轮班

by turns 轮流，交替 in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来

上海龙凤1314It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事

take turns to do 轮流做

Practice:

③ The performance supposed to be popular ____ to be a great disappointment after it was over.

上海龙凤1314A. turned up B. turned down C. turned out D. turned over

上海龙凤1314④ None of us expected the chairman to ____ at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.

上海龙凤1314A. turn in B. turn over C. turn up D. turn down

上海龙凤1314⑤When he was in trouble, there was no one that he could ____

上海龙凤1314A. ask for B. refer to C. turn to D. look for

⑥ The weather report says it will _____ cold tomorrow.

A. turn up B. turn out C. turn on D. turn in

上海龙凤1314⑦A cold wind began to blow and he _____ his collar to keep out the cold.

上海龙凤1314A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned up

上海龙凤1314⑧-Why does she always ask you for help?

上海龙凤1314---There is no one else ____, is there?

上海龙凤1314A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

⑨If you miss your ____, you’ll have to wait another round.

A. turn B. chance C. luck D opportunity

( C, C, C, B, D, B, A)

7. He must have been working too hard to notice.

must用于对现在或过去的情况进行推测，语气比较强烈，也可用may/might替代。其在否

定句和疑问句中的替代词是can.

be + n./adj. 或do You must like beer very much, don’t you ?

上海龙凤1314（一般现在时） You must be tired, aren’t you ?

You wear a pair of glasses, you must be a student, aren’t

you ?

上海龙凤1314must be doing

（现在） （现在进行时） The light in the office is still on, Mr. Xu must be preparing

lessons, isn’t he ?

have done Tom is watching TV, and he must have finished homework,

（现在完成时） hasn’t he ?

上海龙凤1314have been +n/adj. You must have been very tired then after such a long trip,

weren’t you ?

或have done The ground is wet, it must have rained last night, didn’t it _?

（一般过去时）

must have been doing -I tried to call you at 8:00 last night, but I couldn’t get

through.

（过去） （过去进行时） -Oh, someone must have been using the telephone.

have done -When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.

上海龙凤1314（过去完成时， -I suppose it must have begun 30 minutes before, hadn’t it ?

同一般过去时）

① He B the meeting yesterday afternoon, as he was at home looking after his sick child.

上海龙凤1314A. mustn’t have attended B. couldn’t have attended

上海龙凤1314C. shouldn’t have attended D. needn’t have attended

上海龙凤1314② How ___C___he have finished such heavy work within one day?

A. must B. should C. could D. need

Phrases in the project

overdevelop Earth’s resources 过度开发地球资源

construct new water channels 建造新的水渠

in this way 这样，以这种方式

上海龙凤1314be good for sb. 对某人有好处

in favor of nature 赞成支持自然

from the point of view of sb. =from sb’s point of view 在某人看来

meet/satisfy one’s needs/ demands/ requirements 满足某人的需求

meet the everyday needs of sb. 满足某人的日常需求

上海龙凤1314spell disaster 遭致灾难

in our relationship with nature 我们与自然的关系

at a fast rate 快速

be blamed for sth/ doing 应…而受指责

hundreds of thousands of 几十万，无数

上海龙凤1314without the environment around them suffering 他们周围的环境不遭殃

a question of humans winning and nature losing 人类获胜自然失败的问题

上海龙凤1314It’s mankind’s responsibility to find solutions…找到…解决方案是人类的责任

上海龙凤1314leave a lasting impression 留下持久的印象

Sb come up with sth某人想到某主意---sth come up