一、学习目标
上海龙凤1314学习并掌握本单元重点词汇与短语；并通过单元阅读认识古文物对研究古文化的重要性，进一步增强保护文物的意识；在语言知识方面，复习it的用法；在语言运用能力方面，运用本单元知识，提高写作能力。
上海龙凤1314二、语言点讲解
上海龙凤13141.…and what did their homes look like?……他们的家看起来像什么样？
look like: 其中like是介词
(1)像，看来像是…… eg:
She looks so much like her mother.她看起来很像她的母亲。
上海龙凤1314(2)好像要…… eg:
Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.看看那乌云，好像要下雨了。
上海龙凤13142.…what objects have we found from their age?……从他们那个时代，我们已经发现了什么物品？
age
(1)[C]本处age指的是“时代”（times） eg:
the Middle Ages（比较：middle age中年）中世纪
the Stone (Bronze, Iron) Ages石器（青铜器，铁器）时代
(2)[C]（用an age, ages）意为“长时间”(very long time) eg:
It’s been ages since we met.我们好久好久不见面了。
(3)[U]年龄，年纪（length of time a person has lived or a thing has existed）
eg: She looks younger than her age.她看起来比实际年龄小。
注：相关短语：at the age of 20在20岁的时候；for one’s age论年龄 eg:
上海龙凤1314He looks young for his age.他看起来比实际年龄小。
上海龙凤1314(4)vt. & vi.（人）衰老，变老；（物）成熟 eg:
Illness aged her so quickly.疾病使她衰老得很快。
上海龙凤13143. curiosity[ kju rI′ s tI]n.
上海龙凤1314(1)[U] being curious 好奇心，求知欲 eg:
His curiosity made him succeed.他的好奇心，使他成功了。
Tom stared at me in curiosity.汤姆好奇地盯着我。
词组：in/with curiosity好奇地；out of curiosity出于好奇
上海龙凤1314(2)[C] curious thing; strange or rare object珍奇的东西（事物）；珍品 eg:
She was interested in curiosities.她对珍品感兴趣。
a curiosity shop古玩店
注：curiosity的形容词形式是curious，相关词组：
be curious about…对……感到好奇 be curious to do极想…… eg:
上海龙凤1314Children are curious about everything around them.
上海龙凤1314孩子们对周围的每件事都感到好奇。
I’m curious to know what he said.我极想知道他说了些什么。
4. unearth[ n′ ]vt. discover sth. or bring sth. to light 发掘；发现，揭露
上海龙凤1314eg: The dog has unearthed some bones.那只狗掘出了几根骨头。
The archaeologist unearthed a buried treasure last year.
去年，那位考古学家发掘了埋在地下的一个宝藏。
注：un-前缀
上海龙凤1314（1）置于形容词，副词，名词之前，构成“不……”，“无……”，“非……”等意之词。 eg:
上海龙凤1314unhappy不快乐的 unfortunately不幸地 unemployment失业
（2）置于动词之前，构成相反动作之词。 eg:
上海龙凤1314fold（折叠）-unfold（展开）
上海龙凤1314dress（给某人穿衣服）-undress（给某人脱衣）
5. decoration[ dek ′reI n]n. being decorated; sth. used for decorating装饰（修）；装饰品 eg:
the decoration of a room房间的装饰
上海龙凤1314We put Christmas decorations on the tree.我们将圣诞节装饰品挂在树上。
上海龙凤1314注：其动词形式是decorate[′dek reIt]vt. 装饰……
词组：decorate sth. with sth. eg:
She decorated her room with flowers.她用鲜花装饰她的房间。
上海龙凤1314三、课前准备针对性练习（30分，25分钟）
（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）
1. Mary is anxious __________ her mother’s health.
A. for B. to C. in D. about
上海龙凤13142. The streets were __________ flags.
A. decorated with B. decorated on
C. decorated in D. decorated by
3. You dislike the way she worked,__________?
A. don’t you B. do you C. didn’t she D. did she
上海龙凤13144. In fact,__________ English have __________ wonderful sense of humour.
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; a D. the; a
5.-Do you think your son should go to college?
上海龙凤1314-Yes, of course.__________ ,he should also go abroad for higher education.
上海龙凤1314A. What’s more B. In other words C. By the way D. After all
上海龙凤13146.-Did the policeman let you in?
-No,__________ I told him who I was.
A. if B. once C. as though D. even if
上海龙凤13147.__________ ,he does get angry with her sometimes.
上海龙凤1314A. As he likes her much B. Though much he likes her
C. Much as he likes her D. Much even if he likes her
上海龙凤13148.-We were talking about the new play __________ day, remember?
-Yes, I enjoyed it very much.
A. the other B. another C. some D. other
9. You have not yet answered my question __________ I can join in the party tonight.
上海龙凤1314A. whether B. if C. which D. that
10. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation __________ it got worse.
上海龙凤1314（2003，北京，1分）
A. until B. when C. before D. as
（二）单句改错（每小题1分，共10分）
1. That’s all what she wants to say. __________
上海龙凤13142. These houses are sold at such a low price that people expected. __________
3. I wouldn’t stay in a hotel where refused to accept children. __________
4. Look! It looks like to rain. __________
5. My daughter is always curious for the universe. __________
6. The whole class are all decorating the classroom in pictures. __________
7. This is the very reason what we all know. __________
8. If he will come doesn’t matter. __________
9. Let’s do it for them, won’t you? __________
上海龙凤131410. He’s got a nice present, but he doesn’t know to do with it. __________
（三）阅读理解（每小题2分，共10分）
The Romans built great aqueducts to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage（污水）. In Rome, one of these sewage pipes is still used today; it is 2000 years old. The Roman Emperors even set up a government health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.
上海龙凤1314Then the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these_civilized_methods_of_treatment disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People_went_back_to_the_old_ways. They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause disease; and they asked God to cure the disease. They shut up mentally sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic powers.
But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost. Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean（地中海）countries. They took big parts of the old Roman lands. They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries.
When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly-very slowly-European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. Slowly, they began to make new discoveries. They found out more about the way the body works-the way these muscles move our bodies.
1. The word“aqueduct”in the first paragraph probably means __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. something built to carry away the sewage
B. something invented by a Roman Emperor
C. a big pipe under the ground
上海龙凤1314D. something built to supply clean water for the citizens
上海龙凤13142. In this article,“civilized methods of treatment”refer to __________ .
A. advanced forms of health case
上海龙凤1314B. the way they burnt the bodies of the dead
C. the way they shut up bodies of the dead
上海龙凤1314D. what was called magic powers
3. Which of the following is NOT what the writer means by saying“people went back to the old ways?”
A. People lived in dirty conditions again.
上海龙凤1314B. People asked God for help when they were ill.
上海龙凤1314C. People did not treat mentally sick people properly.
D. People built hospitals for themselves.
4. From this passage we’ve learned that the Arabs __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. made more discoveries than the Romans
上海龙凤1314B. helped to keep the Roman medical works
上海龙凤1314C. discovered more about the way the human body works
上海龙凤1314D. took up big parts of the old Roman lands 2000 years ago
5. A suitable title for this passage could be __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. The devotion made by the Romans and Arabs to the development of public health
上海龙凤1314B. how the Arabs seized the Roman Empire by force
上海龙凤1314C. the rise and fall of the Roman Empire
D. how Arabian doctors helped to translate the medical books
【听力导读】
上海龙凤1314一、语言点讲解
1. make a drawing of sth. : make a picture of sth.绘……的图 eg:
上海龙凤1314I made a drawing of some fruit.我画了一幅水果素描。
上海龙凤13142. What else could the object be used for?你认为这个物体还有什么别的用途吗？
上海龙凤1314use使用，利用 eg:
-What do you use this tool for?这个工具用途何在？
上海龙凤1314-It is used for cutting wire.它用于切割金属。
上海龙凤1314相关词组：use up用完，耗尽 come into use开始使用
上海龙凤1314in use使用之中，使用着 make use of利用，使用
上海龙凤1314It is no use doing做某事是没有用的 used to do过去常常做某事
be used to do被用于做…… be used to doing习惯于……
二、如何听的建议
讲究方法，提高短时记忆能力
上海龙凤1314人的记忆方式分为短时记忆和长时记忆两种。短时记忆对英语听力测试尤为重要，因为只有记住刚听完的内容，才有可能对所听内容进行加工处理，最后确定答案。然而，人的短时记忆的时间和容量是有限的，要提高短时记忆力，需要进行记忆力的训练，掌握一些记忆方法。在平时的听力练习中，我们可尝试以下几种方法：
1.重点记忆法：认真、快速地读题，从而确定记忆的重点，增强有意识的记忆。
上海龙凤13142.复述记忆法：在平时的听力训练中，听完一篇对话或独白后，立即用自己的语言复述其中的主要内容。开始时不要因回忆不出很多的内容而泄气。能记住主要内容，就算成功。经过多次这样的训练，短时记忆的能力会有明显的提高。
3.情景记忆法：如果孤立地去记所听到的人名、地名、数字等，是难以记住的。但如果把他们放到特定的场合中去，与情景联系起来，弄清文章中的时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）和情节（why, what, how）四大要素，往往就比较容易了。
上海龙凤1314此外还有用简单符号和简图记录所听内容的方法。
【口语导读】
一、语言点讲解
1. You can read some books about that.你可以阅读一些有关那方面的书籍。
about与on都可表示“关于”的意思。
（1）about侧重叙事，on侧重论述；about多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍、文章等较浅显的问题，on多用于比较重大的，涉及比较深广的诸如国际形势、政治、理论、学术、报告、专著等方面的问题。 eg:
上海龙凤1314a book on the radio关于无线电方面的专著
上海龙凤1314stories about Lei Feng关于雷锋的故事
注：a book on the radio中，若on改用about时，指一本关于无线电的科普故事书；story后只能用about，不能用on。
（2）about常与learn, teach, read, tell, know等动词连用。 eg:
What do you know about it?对此你知道些什么？
上海龙凤1314He talked a lot about his family.他说了许多关于家庭的事。
上海龙凤13142. What I’d really like to find out is whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday, as we do.我真正想弄清楚的是人们有时是否想去度假，就像我们一样。
（1）What I’d really like to find out在句中做主语，whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday在句中做表语。
上海龙凤1314（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句，在从句中做宾语。 eg:
上海龙凤1314He married her, as was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
注：which与as都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句，但有区别：
①as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as常有“正如，正像”的含义。 eg:
John, as you know, is a writer.正如你所知，约翰是个作家。
上海龙凤1314He was very rude to the Customs officer, which of course made things even worse.
他对海关官员非常无礼，这当然使事情更糟糕了。（1998，上海高考）
②as作为关系代词还可用于the same…as和such…as中。 eg:
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
上海龙凤1314我从未听过他讲的这样的故事。
This is the same dictionary as I lost.这本字典跟我丢失的一样。
二、交际用语讲解
上海龙凤13141. I wonder what/who… 2. I’m curious to … 3. I wonder if/whether…
上海龙凤13144. I’m curious about… 5. I really want to know… 6. I’d love to know …
7. What I’d really like to find out is… 8. I’d like to know more about…
三、口语针对性练习（28分，20分钟）
上海龙凤1314（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）
上海龙凤13141. He __________ go to work by bus, but now he __________ riding a bicycle to work.
A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to
C. is used to; used to D. is used to; is used to
2. Let’s practise __________ English when and where __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. speaking; impossible B. to speak; possible
上海龙凤1314C. speaking; possible D. to speak; impossible
3. He learned English __________ watching educators __________ TV or __________ a computer screen.
上海龙凤1314A. by; on; in B. in; on; on C. by; on; on D. in; in; on
上海龙凤13144. I wonder __________ he will spend the weekend with us on the farm.
A. that B. where C. when D. if
上海龙凤13145. Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ill, and her parents suggested that she ________a medical examination.
上海龙凤1314A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
6. Her suggestion that you __________ once more sounds reasonable.
上海龙凤1314A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
7. I __________ him to give up smoking, but I failed.
A. try to persuade B. suggested
C. managed to persuade D. persuaded
上海龙凤13148.-What would you like to drink?
-__________.
A. To drink a coffee B. Drink a cup of coffee
上海龙凤1314C. A coffee D. I like a cup of coffee
上海龙凤13149. He was about to tell me the secret __________ someone patted him on the shoulder.
（2002，上海，1分）
A. as B. until C. while D. when
上海龙凤131410. Does your family live __________ Beijing?
上海龙凤1314A. far B. far away C. far away from D. far near
上海龙凤1314（二）单句改错（每小题1分，共10分）
1. My suggestion is that you will not take this medicine. __________
上海龙凤13142. I’m sure that he will come. But I wonder when he will come on time. __________
3. The boy is too young to wear himself. __________
上海龙凤13144. He’d like to be taking to the new country. __________
5. He was in a traffic jam, that made him late for school. __________
6. He practiced speak English whenever he met a foreigner. __________
7. I think you’ll soon be used the weather here. __________
8. I talked for a long time, and in the end I tried to make her believe me. __________
9. The doctor suggested that the boy was sent to hospital at once. __________
上海龙凤131410. The use of satellites makes this possible to telephone somebody on the other side of the world. __________
（三）阅读理解（每小题2分，共8分）
When we say that Cambridge is a university town, we do not mean just that it is a town with a university in it. Manchester and Milan have universities, but we do not call them university towns. A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, pubs（小酒馆）, market place and so on, but most of it is university-colleges, faculties（各系部）, libraries, clubs and other places for university staff（教职员工）and students. Students fill the shops, cafes, banks, and churches, making these as well part of the university.
The town was there first. Two Roman roads crossed there, and there are signs of building before Roman times (earlier than AD 43). Cambridge became a center of learning, and the authority（权威）of the head of the university was recognized by the king in 1226.
With about 8250 undergraduates and over 2000 postgraduates, the city is a busy place in “fill turn”（全体学生在校上课时）. Undergraduates are not allowed to keep cars in Cambridge, so nearly all of them use bicycles. Don’t try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures. Your bicycle must go through a boiling sea of other bicycles hurrying in all directions. If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term, you know that you are in a university town.
1. What is called a university town?
A. A town with a university in it.
上海龙凤1314B. A university with a town in it.
上海龙凤1314C. One where there is no clear separation between a university and a town.
D. One where there are both a university and a town.
2. How many students does Cambridge have?
上海龙凤1314A. Eight thousand, two hundred and fifty. B. Two thousand.
C. Ten thousand. D. More than ten thousand.
上海龙凤13143. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? In Cambridge __________ .
A. the university is all over the town
上海龙凤1314B. the town came earlier than the university
上海龙凤1314C. during the five minutes between lectures, your bicycle must go through other bicycles hurrying in all directions
D. the teachers have many strange ways of making their lectures lively and interesting
4. What’s the title of the passage?
上海龙凤1314A. Cambridge-A University Town.
B. Cambridge-A Centre of Learning.
C. Cambridge with Many Students.
上海龙凤1314D. Cambridge with a Long History.
【阅读指导】
一、生词和词组
1. date back to: having existed since自某时代存在至今，追溯回，始于 eg:
This building dates back to the 14th century.这座房子建于14世纪。
注：date back to也可以说成date from eg:
Our partnership dates from 1970.我们从1970年就合伙了。
2. warrior[′w ri ]n. person who fights in battle 战士，武士，勇士 eg:
Jingke is a warrior.荆轲是一名勇士。
3. pin[pIn](1)n. short thin piece of stiff wire with a share point at one end and a round head at the other大头针 eg:
Please fasten two sheets of paper with a pins.用大头针把两张纸别在一起。
(2)v. ①attach sth. with a pin or pins.用针固定或别住某物 eg:
上海龙凤1314Pin the bills together so you don’t lose them.
把账单别在一起以防遗失。
上海龙凤1314②attach or fix sth. to sb.将某事附加在某人身上
常用于pin sth. on sb. eg:
We’re pinning all our hopes on you.我们把希望完全寄托在你身上了。
上海龙凤13144. a variety of: many different kinds of各种各样的 eg:
He left for a variety of reasons.他由于种种原因而离开了。
5. tend[tend](1)vt. ①take care of or look after sb./ sth.照料，照管 eg:
上海龙凤1314The nurses are tending the injured.护士正在照料受伤者。
上海龙凤1314They are shepherds tending their sheep.他们是照管羊的牧人。
上海龙凤1314②serve customs in (a shop, bar, etc.)在（店铺、酒吧等）中接待顾客、服侍
上海龙凤1314eg: I would like to tend the store for you while you’re away.
你不在时，我愿意替你照看店铺。
③be likely to behave in a certain way or to have a certain influence倾向；趋于 eg:
He tends to get angry when people object to his plan.
上海龙凤1314别人反对他的意见时，他很容易生气。
(2)vi. take a certain direction朝某方向 eg:
上海龙凤1314The track tends upwards.这痕迹是朝着上方的。
6. for this reason因为这个理由
for no good reason无缘无故，没有正当的理由 eg:
You mustn’t leave for no good reason.没有合适的理由，你不许离开。
7. have a hand in: be involved in sth. which happens; be partly responsible for sth.参与，插手，对某事负部分责任 eg:
上海龙凤1314John should have a hand in this.约翰应对这件事负责任。
注：相关词组：lend sb. a hand帮助某人 from hand to mouth仅够糊口地
hand in hand手牵手 on the other hand另一方面
shake hands with sb.与某人握手 hand in交出……；提出
hand out分发，分配 hand down（将传统，习惯等）传给后世，流传下来
8. in terms of意思是“用……的话”，“以……的观点”，“就……而说” eg:
上海龙凤1314He thought of everything in terms of money.他每件事都从钱的角度考虑。
The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.
那些数字是以百分数表示的。
9. spare[spe ]vt. ①use as little as possible 吝惜，节约，舍不得用 eg:
He didn’t spare any effort on his studies.他在研究方面不遗余力。
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
上海龙凤1314[谚]孩子不打不成器，娇养忤逆儿。（省了棍子坏了孩子。）
②show mercy to; don’t hurt or harm sb.饶恕；不伤害某人 eg:
上海龙凤1314Please spare me!请饶了我吧!
上海龙凤1314③be able to afford to give (time or money) (to sb.)匀出，拨出，分出，提供。
上海龙凤1314eg: Can you spare me a few minutes of your time?我能耽搁您几分钟吗？
上海龙凤1314I can’t spare the time for a holiday at the moment.
上海龙凤1314目前我抽不出时间去度假。
上海龙凤1314注：spare no effort不遗余力
上海龙凤1314spare adj. ①kept in reserve for use when needed多余的；备用的；剩余的
上海龙凤1314eg: We have no spare room for a table.我们没有放桌子的空地方。
Do you carry a spare wheel in your car?你的汽车上有备用车轮吗？
I have no spare money this month.这个月我没有余钱。
②for leisure; free; unoccupied空闲的；未占用的 eg:
He paints in his spare time.他在空闲时绘画。
上海龙凤1314She is a busy woman with little spare time.
上海龙凤1314她是一位忙得没有空的女子。
上海龙凤1314③thin瘦的 eg:
a tall spare man又高又瘦的男子
注：词组in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间
10. in the eyes of sb. (in sb.’s eyes): in the opinion of sb.在某人的心目中，在某人看来 eg:
上海龙凤1314In your father’s eyes you’re still a child.在你父亲的眼里你仍是个孩子。
注：相关词组：keep an eye on sb.留神，看守，看管
look sb. in the eye目不转睛地看某人
shut (close) one’s eyes to sth.闭目不看……，装着没看到……，视而不见
上海龙凤131411. remote[rI′m t]adj. ①far away from other houses（与其他房子）远离的，遥远的，偏僻的 eg:
上海龙凤1314He used to live in a remote village.他曾住在一个偏僻的山村里。
a house remote from the town一座远离城镇的房子
上海龙凤1314②far away in time（在时间上）遥远的，久远的 eg:
in the remote past/ future在遥远的过去（未来）
上海龙凤1314③cold and unfriendly冷淡的，漠不关心的 eg:
He is rather remote.他相当冷淡。
12. as well as
上海龙凤1314(1)同……一样好 eg:
上海龙凤1314She cooks as well as her mother does.她和她母亲的烧菜水平一样好。
(2)（除……之外）又，不但……而且…… eg:
上海龙凤1314He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花。
上海龙凤1314注：A as well as B短语为主语时，谓语动词要随A的人称、数而变化。
上海龙凤1314eg: His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.
不但他的太太，连他的孩子们都被邀请参加了那次聚会。
二、同、近义词辨析
1. sure与certain确信，有把握
相同点：（1）都可接about/ of，意思是“确信”，“对……有把握”，只能用人做主语。 eg:
Are you sure/ certain of that?你确信那件事吗？
上海龙凤1314（2）都可接不定式，意思是“一定会……”，人或物均可做主语。 eg:
He is sure/certain to succeed.他一定会成功。
上海龙凤1314The project is sure/certain to be a success.这个计划一定会成功。
上海龙凤1314（3）后面跟“连接词（疑问词、连词whether）+不定式”结构，意思是“确定……”，只能用人做主语。 eg:
I’m not sure/certain what to do.我不知道怎么办。
上海龙凤1314（4）都可跟从句，意思是“肯定……”，“确定……”，只能用人做主语。 eg:
I’m not sure/certain whether I’ve met him before.
上海龙凤1314我不能确定以前是否见到过他。
不同点：sure不能用于It is certain that…句型。 eg:
It is certain that your team will win.你们队肯定会赢。
2. cloth, clothes与clothing
(1)cloth指做衣服用的材料（布料、毛料、丝绸等），是物质名词，不可数，没有复数形式。 eg:
上海龙凤1314a piece of cloth一块布料（不能说a cloth）
How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?
上海龙凤1314给这个孩子做件上衣要多少布？
上海龙凤1314注：cloth指“具体用途的布”时，是可数名词。 eg:
a table cloth一块桌布 a dish-cloth擦盘子布
（2）clothes统指各种衣服，包括外套、西装、衬衣、裤子、裙、鞋、帽等。不指单件衣服。它既不能用作单数，也不能和表示具体数目的数词连用。做主语时，谓语用复数形式。
上海龙凤1314不能说：a clothes（×） six clothes(×)
但可以说many (these, a few, my) clothes(√) eg:
上海龙凤1314He had to buy many clothes.他只好买很多衣服。
These clothes are new.这些衣服都是新的。
（3）clothing是衣服、服装的总称，是集合名词，只有单数形式。做主语时，谓语用单数形式。 eg:
上海龙凤1314food and clothing衣食
上海龙凤1314an article of clothing (a piece of clothing) 一件衣服
上海龙凤1314三、语言点讲解
上海龙凤13141. Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior. 猎人或是武士的工具跟他埋在一起。
此句是倒装句，正常的语序应是：
The tools of a hunter or warrior were buried with him.
当一个句子没有宾语而主语又比较长，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接，可将状语提到句子前头，同时把谓语也放到主语的前面。 eg:
East of the town lies a beautiful lake.城东有一美丽的湖泊。
上海龙凤1314Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal.
上海龙凤1314在它们的旁边放着一块垫东西的石头，这个人有可能在上面锻造金属。
2. This was a time when the first metals were brought to Britain.那时第一批金属被带到了英国。
上海龙凤1314a time特定的一段时间，在这指的是that period。
上海龙凤1314when引出的是定语从句，修饰先行词a time，等于at which。 eg:
上海龙凤1314This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.那时美国还有奴隶。
上海龙凤13143. Iron came later, in what was called the Iron Age.后来，在所谓的铁器时代出现了铁。
上海龙凤1314句中what was called the Iron Age是what引出的名词性从句做in的宾语，连接词what在从句中充当成分，做主语，因此不用that。 eg:
Einstein’s most famous theory is what we call the Theory of Relativity.
爱因斯坦最著名的理论就是我们所说的相对论。
4. At first it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict, but…起初，人们认为铁是由于战争和武装冲突才出现的。但……
上海龙凤1314句中it was thought +that…it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，第二个it指上文的“铁”（iron）。
掌握句型：It is said/ thought/believed…that…
=People say/think/believe that…
上海龙凤1314=sb. /sth. is said/ believed/ thought to do eg:
上海龙凤1314It is said that the book has been translated into English.
上海龙凤1314= People say that the book has been translated into English.
= The book is said to have been translated into English.
据说，这本书已经被译成了英文。
上海龙凤1314四、典型病句诊断
1.病句：The woman was said that she had no son.
诊断：The woman was said to have no son.
It was said that the woman had no son.
点拨：表示“据说”可用两种句型：一种是It is/was+ said +that从句；另一种是据说的人或物为主语，said之后接动词不定式。
2.病句：The scientist’s theory is proved to be correct.
上海龙凤1314诊断：The scientist’s theory proves to be correct.
上海龙凤1314点拨：prove表示“证明是，表明是”时是不及物动词，类似系动词，后接名词或（to be）+形容词，所以没有被动式。
3.病句：It is sure that he will come.
诊断：It is certain that he will come.
点拨：sure和certain为“确信，有把握”讲时，基本上都能互换，但在It is certain that…句型中，只能使用certain，不能用sure。
4.病句：He is possible to succeed.
诊断：He is likely to succeed.
点拨：possible的主语不能是人，而likely的主语可以是物也可以是人。
5.病句：The teacher as well as his students are present.
诊断：The teacher as well as his students is present.
上海龙凤1314点拨：as well as连接两个名词做主语时，谓语动词的人称要与as well as前的名词保持一致。
6.病句：My clothes is hanging behind the door.
上海龙凤1314诊断：My clothes are hanging behind the door.
点拨：clothes指各种衣服，做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
上海龙凤1314五、类文阅读针对性练习（24分，20分钟）
（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共6分）
上海龙凤13141. Jack is a bright and diligent boy __________ his brother, Tom is just the opposite.
A. when B. as C. while D. however
2. He __________ the villagers to plant more trees on the hills.
上海龙凤1314A. stopped B. suggested C. advised D. agreed
上海龙凤13143. In order to make a __________ study of the animals, the scientists lived __________ in the forest.
上海龙凤1314A. further; farther B. far; farther C. farther; farther D. farther; far
上海龙凤13144. This temple __________ the 12th century.
A. is dated from B. dates from C. belongs to D. is belonged to
上海龙凤13145. It’s quite __________ that Dr Smith will be present at the meeting.
上海龙凤1314A. certain B. sure C. certainly D. surely
上海龙凤13146. The gold watch has been passed __________ over five generations.
上海龙凤1314A. down B. away C. out D. by
上海龙凤1314（二）汉译英（每小题2分，共10分）
1.他跟他的父母一样，也喜欢游泳。(as well as)
______________________________________
2.我不能确定他是不是来。(be sure/ certain)
______________________________________
上海龙凤13143.您能给我匀出几分钟吗？（spare）
上海龙凤1314______________________________________
上海龙凤13144.在老师眼里，他是个诚实的孩子。(in the eyes of sb.)
______________________________________
5.这栋建筑是18世纪建的。（date back to）
上海龙凤1314______________________________________
（三）阅读理解（每小题2分，共8分）
Science in its modern form began only a few hundred years ago. One of the first great scientists was Galileo. He used his observation to prove new theories. Before him, most people had accepted the ideas of ancient Greek scientists such as Aristotle, without checking to see if they were right. Galileo laid the foundation for the work of Newton, who is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time.
However, science in the twentieth century has changed greatly since Newton’s day. Discoveries are now often made by scientists working together, who may compete with others to make a discovery first. An example of this was the discovery of how a chemical called DNA in body cells is made up.
上海龙凤1314Modern science can be very expensive. Earlier in this century, men such as Ernest Rutherford found that atoms are made of smaller particles by using simple apparatus（器具）. Other scientists then developed theories about how these particles（微粒）fitted into the atom. But to discover new subatomic（原子的）particles today costs millions of pounds, with dozens of scientists and engineers involved.
上海龙凤1314Atomic scientists have given us power (including the power to kill). In 1942 the first nuclear reactor（原子反应堆）was built, in which uranium split to give off energy. This soon led to the first atomic bomb.
上海龙凤1314Medical scientists are always working to save lives. Surgery has become much safer since Joseph Lister realized the need to kill germs（细菌）when operating. Equally important advances saving lives have been the introduction of vaccination（种痘）and antibiotics（抗菌素）.
1. It was only after Galileo that __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. people began to check the ideas of ancient Greek scientists
B. Aristotle’s ideas were proved by most of the people
上海龙凤1314C. Newton laid the foundation of all scientific work
D. new theories were checked and accepted
上海龙凤13142. What is the difference between science in twentieth century and that in Newton’s day?
上海龙凤1314A. There is a discovery to show how DNA in body cells is made up.
上海龙凤1314B. Observations are used to prove new theories.
C. Some ideas are accepted after being checked.
D. Scientists work together to compete in their discoveries.
上海龙凤13143. According to the passage, one big problem in modern science is __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. the lack of scientists and engineers
B. the huge amount of money needed
上海龙凤1314C. the slow development of theories
上海龙凤1314D. the way to use sub-atomic particles
上海龙凤13144. One greatest discovery in the twentieth century mentioned in the passage was __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. the atomic energy B. the atoms
C. the body cells D. the germs in the body
【综合技能导读】
一、生词和词组
上海龙凤13141. root[ru t](1)n. ①[C] part of a plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil根 eg:
the root of a tree树根 pull up a plant by the roots把植物连根拔起
②[C]community where he grew up or lives or where his ancestors lived （家庭的）根 eg:
上海龙凤1314Many Americans have roots in Europe.许多美国人祖籍在欧洲。
③[C]part of hair, tooth, nail or tongue that attaches it to the rest of the body（毛发、牙齿、指甲或舌头的）根部 eg:
the root of a hair发根
④[C] source or basis根源；根基；基础 eg:
上海龙凤1314the root of the problem问题的根源
Money is often said to be the root of all evil.金钱常常被说成是万恶之源。
(2)vi. send down roots and begin to grow生根成长 eg:
This type of plant roots easily.这种植物容易生根成长。
(3)vt. plant sth.种植某物 eg:
上海龙凤1314May is the best season to root certain vegetables.
五月是播种某些蔬菜的最佳季节。
注：rooted[′ru tId]adj. 有根的；根深蒂固的 eg:
a story firmly rooted in reality常常扎根于现实的小说
2. site[saIt](1)n. (1) ①place where a building (town) was, is or will be situated（建筑物、城镇等的）地方，位置，遗址，地基 eg:
上海龙凤1314the site of an old palace古宫殿的遗址
上海龙凤1314②place where sth. has happened or will happen（事情发生的或活动的）地点，现场 eg:
上海龙凤1314the site of the battle战场
Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.
上海龙凤1314救护人员急速赶到飞机坠毁的现场。
(2)vt. locate (a building, etc.); place选定（建筑物）用地，设址 eg:
上海龙凤1314Is it safe to site the power-station here?把发电厂建在这里安全吗？
3. remind[rI′maInd]vt. ①inform sb. of a fact or tell sb. to do sth.提醒某人注意某事或做某事eg:
I reminded him to work hard.我提醒他要用功。
She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.她提醒我还没有浇花。
上海龙凤1314②cause sb. to remember sb./ sth.使某人想起 eg:
He reminds me of his father.看到他使我想起他的父亲。
注：常用词组：remind sb. to do提醒某人做事
remind sb. that…提醒某人做 remind sb. of sth.使人想起
4. mask[m sk](1)n. ①[C] covering for the face 面具；面罩 eg:
put on a mask戴假面具，隐瞒真相
上海龙凤1314throw off the mask脱下面具；亮出真面目
②[C]thing that hides the truth; pretence用作掩盖的事物；掩饰；伪装
上海龙凤1314eg: Her sociable manner is really a mask for a very shy nature.
她那好交际的作风，实际上是她腼腆天性的伪装。
（2）vt. ①cover the face with a mask用面具遮住脸 eg:
上海龙凤1314The thief masked his face with a stocking.
那贼套上长筒袜遮住脸。
②conceal sth.; disguise掩盖；伪装 eg:
上海龙凤1314This perfume won’t mask the unpleasant smell.
这种香水遮不住那股难闻的气味。
mask one’s fear by a show of confidence 装出有信心的样子来掩饰内心的恐惧
上海龙凤13145. accompany[ ′k mp nI]vt. ①walk or travel with sb. as a companion伴随某人；陪伴 eg:
I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
上海龙凤1314我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
上海龙凤1314②be present or occur with sth.与某物同时存在或发生 eg:
Strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.狂风夹着暴雨。
③play an accompaniment for sb.为某人伴奏 eg:
上海龙凤1314She accompanied the singer on the piano.她弹钢琴为那位歌手伴奏。
6. precious[′pre s]adj. ①of great value 贵重的；宝贵的 eg:
上海龙凤1314Nothing is precious than time.世上最宝贵的莫过于光阴。
precious memories珍贵的回忆
②dearly loved; highly valued可爱的；珍贵的 eg:
Every child is precious to its parents.每个小孩子都是父母的宝贝。
上海龙凤13147. dig up①break up (soil, etc.) by digging 挖掘；垦地 eg:
He is digging up land for a new garden.他为建一个新花园而垦地。
上海龙凤1314②remove from the ground by digging掘出，掘到 eg:
An old Greek Statue was dug up here last month.
上海龙凤1314上个月在这挖出一尊古希腊雕像。
上海龙凤13148. have a history of…有……年的历史 eg:
上海龙凤1314China has a history of over 5,000 years.中国有5，000多年的历史。
上海龙凤13149. cover an area of…占地 eg:
上海龙凤1314Our school covers an area of 100 mu.我们学校占地100亩。
上海龙凤1314二、语言点讲解
1. Since then, archaeologists have found more than a thousand cultural relics, including gold, jade, bronze and stone objects as well as a large quantity of ivory that must have belonged to at least 500 elephants.自从那时，考古学家们已经发现了1，000多件文化遗物，除了大量的象牙外，这些象牙肯定属于至少500头大象的，还包括金、玉、铜和石器。
（1）此句是复合句，that must have belonged to at least 500 elephants在句中做定语修饰ivory。
（2）must have done肯定已经……，是对过去的事情的一种肯定推测，它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must。 eg:
上海龙凤1314He must have been to Shanghai.他肯定去上海了。
You must have seen the film last night.你昨天晚上肯定看这部电影了。
You can’t have seen the film last night.你昨天晚上不可能看这部电影。
注：含must have done的句子的反意疑问句，分两种情况，若前句强调对过去情况的推测（一般有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用“didn’t+主语”；若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven’t (hasn’t)+主语”。 eg:
You must have seen the film, haven’t you?
你肯定看过这部电影，是不是？
上海龙凤1314He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?
他昨天肯定见过他，是不是？
上海龙凤13142. It was four o’clock in the afternoon when he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan, where an official warmly received them.当他和爷爷到达广汉博物馆时，时间已是下午4点了，在那儿一位政府官员热情接待了他们。此句是主从复合句，包含一个主句和两个从句：when he…in Guanghan是由when引出的时间状语从句，where an official warmly received them是由where引出的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Guanghan，相当于in which。 eg:
It was early morning when we got home.我们回到家时，时间已是凌晨。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.卓别林晚年定居在瑞士，1977年逝世后安葬在那里。
三、综合技能针对性练习（55分，35分钟）
（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）
1. The number of people invited __________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.
A. was; was B. was; were C. were; was D. were; were
上海龙凤13142. She has collected __________ stamps as you.
上海龙凤1314A. four times as many B. as four times many
C. as many four times D. four times many as
上海龙凤13143. The computers of the airports have helped people greatly,__________ more people travel by plane in China.
A. At one time B. In fact C. As a result D. At least
上海龙凤13144.“I’m not quite __________ today.”“__________ go and see a doctor?”
A. me; Why don’t B. myself; Why don’t C. me; Why don’t D. myself; Why not
5.“I wish I __________ the answer.”“But you __________ .”
上海龙凤1314A. know; don’t B. know; didn’t C. knew; don’t D. knew; didn’t
6. Quite a few people __________ live in the countryside rather than in the city.
A. would rather B. prefer to C. would like D. had better
7. “Sorry to trouble you.”“__________.”
上海龙凤1314A. All right B. No trouble C. That’s right D. It doesn’t matter
8.-Do you have his telephone number?
-He __________ me his number, but I’m afraid I __________ it.
A. has given; lost B. has given; have lost C. gave; lost D. gave; have lost
上海龙凤13149. The old car was sold for ￥100,000, which was more than its real __________ .
A. cost B. price C. value D. worth
上海龙凤131410.-Are you pleased with his work, sir?
-Yes, it couldn’t be __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. any better B. any worse C. the best D. the worst
11. Mr Brown owns a __________ in town and lives well.
上海龙凤1314A. dresses shop B. dress shop C. dresses’ shop D. dress’ shop
12. The headmaster has __________ a plan __________ the new school year.
A. worked; of B. worked; for C. made; of D. made; for
13. It seems that the Hope Project __________ well in China.
上海龙凤1314A. is got along B. is being got along
C. is getting along D. is getting along with
上海龙凤131414. Mrs Black is not a person __________ you can get some help.
A. who B. whom C. from whom D. with whom
15. I called Jack this morning, but he wasn’t in. I’ll have to __________ this evening.
A. ring him back B. ring him up C. ring him off D. ring him in
（二）完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
When a person is curious about something, he is interested in it and ___1___ to know more about it. There is ___2___ with curiosity ___3___ itself.___4___ it is good or bad ___5___ on what people are curious about.
Curiosity ___6___ silly or wrong. Some people with nothing ___7___ are full of curiosity about ___8___ their neighbours are doing. They are ___9___ to know what they are eating or drinking, what they are ___10___ home or taking outside, or ___11___ they have come home so early or so ___12___. To be interested in these things ___13___ silly. It’s ___14___ of their business. It often brings harm,___15___ or quarrels to others, and ___16___ their feelings.
上海龙凤1314__17__the other hand, there is a __18__ curiosity, the curiosity of wise people, who__19__ at all the great things and try to find out all they do about them. All the discoveries in ___20___ history have been made as a result of curiosity.
上海龙凤13141. A. encouraged B. pleased C. wish D. eager
上海龙凤13142. A. something B. nothing C. much D. no
上海龙凤13143. A. of B. in C. on D. by
4. A. If B. That C. How D. Whether
5. A. keeps B. goes C. put D. depends
6. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never
7. A. doing B. to do C. do D. done
上海龙凤13148. A. how B. which C. when D. what
上海龙凤13149. A. satisfied B. worried C. anxious D. permitted
10. A. at B. bringing C. doing D. sending
11. A. IF B. why C. where D. whether
上海龙凤131412. A. later B. late C. hurry D. happy
13. A. are B. is C. turn out D. can’t be
14. A. none B. not C. nothing D. not at all
上海龙凤131415. A. shame B. shade C. shadow D. ashamed
上海龙凤131416. A. ever B. besides C. thus D. never
17. A. In B. On C. For D. With
18. A. terrible B. strange C. noble D. instructive
19. A. expect B. explore C. doubt D. wonder
上海龙凤131420. A. the human B. human’s C. humans’ D. human
（三）短文改错（每小题1分，共10分）
上海龙凤1314Camels are used to carrying people or heavy goods. 1.__________
上海龙凤1314They have very strong back. Camels have long legs, 2.__________
long necks, small heads or strong heavy bodies. A 3.__________
camel is more than two metres long.
Camels of the first kind lives on desert areas 4.__________
of Asia and North Africa. They have long legs than 5.__________
上海龙凤1314that of the second kind which live in central Asia 6.__________
上海龙凤1314between China and Iran. For this reason, they are 7.__________
especial good for riding. Camels can run about 8.__________
fifteen kilometers in an hour. Riding a camel is 9.__________
quite different from riding horse. 10.__________
【单元语法讲解】
上海龙凤1314一、单元语法知识归纳：it的用法
1.代词it的用法
(1)用作人称代词代替前面提到的事物 eg:
上海龙凤1314My dictionary is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
我的词典不见了，我到处找不着。
(2)用以代替指示代词this, that eg:
上海龙凤1314-What’s this?这是什么？
-It’s a computer.是计算机。
-Whose bicycle is that?那是谁的自行车？
-It’s hers.是她的。
上海龙凤1314(3)表示季节、时间、距离、自然现象和环境 eg:
上海龙凤1314It is early spring.这是早春季节。
It is half past five. 5:30了。
上海龙凤1314It is ten miles to our school.到我们学校有10英里远。
上海龙凤1314It is very quiet in the classroom.教室里很安静。
上海龙凤13142.引导词it的用法
（1）作形式主语
代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语。
eg: It was wrong for you not to help her.
上海龙凤1314你当时不帮助她是错误的。(it代替不定式短语)
It will be useless learning a theory without practice.
学习理论而没有实践是无用的。(it 代替动名词短语)
It’s not yet known where she has gone.
上海龙凤1314她去哪里了还不知道。(it代替主语从句)
（2）作形式宾语
代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。 eg:
We consider it necessary to master two foreign languages.
上海龙凤1314我们认为掌握两门外语是有必要的。(it作动词不定式的先行词)
We found it useless talking to her.
我们认为跟她谈是无用的。(it作动名词的先行词)
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须申明我将永远支持你。(it作that引出的宾语从句的先行词)
（3）用在强调结构中
上海龙凤1314为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用“It is(was) +被强调成分+that（或who）……”结构。 eg:
I met Tom in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上遇见了汤姆。
It was I who met Tom in the street yesterday..是我昨天在街上遇见汤姆的。
上海龙凤1314It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇见的是汤姆。
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.我昨天是在街上遇见汤姆的。
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.我是昨天在街上遇见汤姆的。
注：如果去掉“It is (was) ……”这一结构，将被强调部分放回原句，其句子仍然成立。 eg:
上海龙凤1314Where is it that we shall park our car?我们把车停在哪？
（去掉is it that，原句还原成:Where shall we park our car?）
3.几种易混句型：
(1) ①It was four years since I had left the school.我毕业4年了。
上海龙凤1314②It was four years that the war lasted.战争持续了4年。
注：①since引导时间状语，不能用that替代；
上海龙凤1314②强调句型，强调了时间状语。
(2) ①Was it 1949 when our town was liberated?
我们镇解放的时间是1949年吗？
②Was it in 1949 that our town was liberated?
上海龙凤1314我们镇是在1949年解放的吗？
注：①It指时间，when在从句中作状语，不能由that充当；
②强调句型。
上海龙凤1314(3) ①It is (about, high) time that you closed your store.
上海龙凤1314到你关闭商店的时候了。
②It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.
这是我第一次去长城。
注：①虚拟语气句型，从句谓语动词要用过去式表示对现在情况的虚拟；
②that习惯用法，不能用when代替。
上海龙凤1314(4) ①It is a pity that Tom has lost the game.很遗憾，汤姆比赛失败了。
②It is Tom that has lost the game.是汤姆比赛失败了。
注：①It作形式主语；②It引导词，强调句型。
二、单元语法知识专项练习（50分，35分钟）
上海龙凤1314（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）
1. Was __________ that I came across last night at the concert?
上海龙凤1314A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
2.-What did Vicky think of your decision?
上海龙凤1314-She __________ to believe that I meant it.
上海龙凤1314A. found that impossible B. found impossible
上海龙凤1314C. found which impossible D. found it impossible
上海龙凤13143. Does __________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
4. I hate __________ when people smoke in public places.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
5. It will not be long __________ we finish school.
A. when B. until C. before D. since
上海龙凤13146.“It’s a long time since I enjoyed myself.”This sentence means __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. I enjoyed myself for a long time B. I haven’t enjoyed myself
上海龙凤1314C. I want to enjoy myself D. What a long time after enjoyed myself
7. Was it __________ he said or something that he did __________ made her cry so sadly?
上海龙凤1314A. that; which B. what; that C. that; what D. what; which
8. It __________ long before China __________ on the moon.
上海龙凤1314A. will not be; will land B. is; will land
上海龙凤1314C. will not be; lands D. is; lands
9. I just don’t understand __________ that prevents so many rich people from being as happy as one might expect.
A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is
10.-Where did you find Mr Brown?
-It was in the factory __________ he paid a visit yesterday.
上海龙凤1314A. to which B. that C. which D. to where
上海龙凤1314（二）单句改错（每小题1分，共5分）
上海龙凤13141. Was it with my friend Mary who you went to the theatre the day before yesterday? __________
上海龙凤13142. As monitor of the class, he finds his duty to help others when they are in trouble. __________
上海龙凤13143. Last night, I took a taxi, and which took me straight home. __________
上海龙凤13144. They think this important that drinking water must be cleaned. __________
5. There was a pity that you couldn’t be here for the play. __________
（三）完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
The Dear Old Lady-that is what the people of Pisa call the tower-needs help.
上海龙凤1314Three million people visit Pisa each year. That’s a lot of people. Why do they come to this town
___1___? To see a tower. A look at the picture will ___2___ you why. The crazy tower leans! It is known to us all as the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
上海龙凤1314The tower looks as if it might ___3___ at any time. In fact, some visitors stop at the tower just long enough to take a picture. Then they hurry away.___4___ visitors climb the 294 steps to the top and come down,___5___ heroes.
Engineers say that the visitors are ___6___ -at least for a while. But the tower does lean. It leans aside 14 feet 10 inches at the present time. The tower has leaned for 800 years. And every year it leans a big more. If this keeps on, the tower ___7___ fall.
上海龙凤1314You may wonder what makes the tower lean. If you look at the picture, you will see that one side of the tower is deeper in the earth than ___8___ other. The foundation on ___9___ the tower rests has sunk into the soil on the leaning side. Why does this happen?
Pisa’s tower ___10___ 14,500 tons. The soil of the town is a mixture of a clay and sand and water. A heavy tower ___11___ on soil like this must have a very strong foundation. The leaning Tower’s foundation is just not deep or wide enough for the tower ___12___ on it.
Can nothing be done about the tower?
___13___, Italian engineers have several plans. They don’t want to make the tower straight-just keep it from leaning any further. So all the plans call for a new foundation that won’t sink.
But a new foundation can’t be built ___14___ the tower is resting on the old one. The tower must be ___15___ with jacks（千斤顶）. They would be like jacks we use to raise cars when changing a tyre. Only these jacks would be giant ones. One plan calls for 15 of them to be placed __16___ the tower. Each of the giant jacks would be on its own foundation. And each of them could lift 1,000 tons. The 15 jacks would raise the 14,500 ton tower and hold it up while the new foundation ___17___.
上海龙凤1314The Italian engineers are ___18___ the best plan to save the tower. They know that any plan takes a lot of money. They are trying to ___19___ the money from the Italian government. But many Italians refuse to believe that the old tower is ___20___.“It leans and leans and leans,”they say,“But it will never fall down.”
1.A. in Greece B. in India C. in Belgium D. in Italy
2.A. say B. speak C. tell D. judge
上海龙凤13143.A. sink B. fall C. drop D. break
上海龙凤13144.A. Another B. The other C. Others D. Other
5.A. feeling B. feeling like C. to feel D. feel like
上海龙凤13146.A. saved B. save C. safe D. safety
7.A. will B. shall C. do D. can
8.A. / B. the C. an D. a
9.A. where B. which C. that D. it
10.A. weighs B. weights C. weigh D. weighty
上海龙凤131411.A. to be built B. building C. built D. build
上海龙凤131412.A. standing B. stand C. stands D. to stand
13.A. Yes B. No C. OK D. Not
14.A. during B. while C. and D. for
15.A. hanged B. lift C. raised D. rose
16.A. under B. below C. around D. about
上海龙凤131417.A. is building B. is built C. being built D. is being built
上海龙凤131418.A. searching B. researching C. searching for D. finding
上海龙凤131419.A. get B. receive C. accept D. make
20.A. in need B. in trouble C. in danger D. in fact
上海龙凤1314（四）高考题（每小题1分，共5分）
上海龙凤13141. It was about 600 years ago __________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.（1997，全国，1分）
A. that B. until C. before D. when
上海龙凤13142. It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty.
（1998，全国，1分）
上海龙凤1314A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. You should make it a rule to leave things __________ you can find them again.
（1999，全国，1分）
A. when B. where C. then D. there
4.__________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
上海龙凤1314（2001，春季，1分）
A. It B. As C. That D. What
5. It was evening __________ we reached the little town of Winchester.（2004，天津，1分）
上海龙凤1314A. that B. until C. since D. before
上海龙凤1314一、听力（共两节，满分30分）
上海龙凤1314第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
听下面5段对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项
1. What does the man mean?
A. He will meet his boss. B. He will have to work late.
C. He won’t work late.
2. In which provinces is coffee grown in China?
A. Hunan and Yunnan. B. Hainan and Hunan. C. Hainan and Yunnan.
上海龙凤13143. Where does the conversation probably take place?
上海龙凤1314A. In a hospital. B. In a restaurant. C. In library.
4. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Customer and assistant. C. Boss and employee.
5. Why is the man going to the States?
A. His company is holding an exhibition in the States.
B. His company is going to show computers at an exhibition in the States.
C. He is going sightseeing in the States.
第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
听下面3段对话或独白，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项
听第6段材料，回答第6～8题
上海龙凤13146. Why is the woman not sure that she will go to college?
上海龙凤1314A. Her grades are too bad. B. Her parents wish her to be a pianist.
上海龙凤1314C. She doesn’t like to study.
上海龙凤13147. What does the man like doing?
A. Playing the violin. B. Playing the piano. C. Dancing.
上海龙凤13148. What does the woman think of the man’s idea?
A. It is good. B. It is strange. C. It is foolish.
听第7段材料，回答第9～11题
9. Who sent a new camera to the man?
A. His mother. B. His uncle C. His sister.
上海龙凤131410. What did the man’s sister give him as a birthday present?
A. A blue tie. B. A wonderful picture. C. A new suit.
11. Where does Uncle Robert live?
上海龙凤1314A. In the man’s home. B. In New York. C. In the countryside.
听第8段材料，回答第12～15题
12. In the past how did you have to dress?
A. As you liked. B. Like everyone else around.
C. According to your looks.
上海龙凤131413. What does the speaker think of appearance?
A. Nothing important. B. Very important.
C. More important than anything else.
14. What can we know from the passage?
上海龙凤1314A. Wearing jeans for a job interview is wise.
B. Doing your hair as you like now is foolish.
上海龙凤1314C. Jeans and sweaters seem very popular now.
15. What does the speaker imply in the passage?
A. Different place, different appearance.
上海龙凤1314B. The same appearance, though in different place.
上海龙凤1314C. Always in the latest fashion.
二、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
上海龙凤13141.__________ is really a good news to us is __________ we will see an exciting film instead of taking part in an exam.
上海龙凤1314A. It; that B. What; how C. It; how D. What; that
2. There are two buildings,__________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.（2004，湖北，1分）
A. the larger B. the larger of them
上海龙凤1314C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
上海龙凤13143. There was __________ time __________ I hated to go to school.（2004，湖北，1分）
A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when
上海龙凤13144.-I saw Mr Smith at Beijing West Station this morning.
-You __________. He is still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. cannot have seen him B. can have seen him
上海龙凤1314C. mustn’t have seen him D. must have seen him
5. I wonder if __________ is possible for us to find out the real reason __________ he looks so upset.
A. it; why B. there; why C. it; when D. there; that
上海龙凤13146.-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she __________?（2004，湖南，1分）
上海龙凤1314A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
7. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars __________ road conditions need __________ .（2004，上海，1分）
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
8. It is __________ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
（2004，广东，1分）
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
上海龙凤13149. The building beyond the river is a gym,__________ is a large square, where all kinds of concerts are usually held.
上海龙凤1314A. in the south of which B. where
C. to the south of it D. south of which
上海龙凤131410. Personally, I think it is the sales manager, rather than the salesgirls,__________ to blame.
上海龙凤1314A. is B. that is C. are D. who are
11.-I can’t find Mr Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?
-It was in the hotel __________ he stayed.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
12. He must be a teacher,__________ ?
A. isn’t he B. mustn’t he C. doesn’t he D. needn’t he
上海龙凤131413. He was said __________ to the dancing party.
A. to be prevented from go B. to be kept going
C. to be stopped from going D. to be prevent going
14. She __________ to be good at playing __________ piano.
A. says; the B. is saying; / C. is said; the D. said; /
15.__________ is a good idea to keep quiet about the problem.
A That B. How C. What D. It
上海龙凤1314三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
As I ___1___ my way to and from work, I often see a strange ___2___ in the streets or on buses there are pupils with heavy school bags ___3___ their shoulders holding books in their hands and ___4___ to read them whenever they can.
上海龙凤1314They seem to be deeply interested in the books.___5___ surprises me, however, is that the books they love to read are neither the ones about scientific knowledge ___6___ about culture and art.
The pupils ___7___ read these books at school or at home for fear of ___8___ by their teachers or parents. But they ___9___ do this on their way to school or home. When they finish one book, they ___10___ it for a new one with their classmates or friends.
上海龙凤1314___11___ telling stories of Chinese Wushu fighting,___12___ of such novels tell love stories which school children are really too young ___13___ .
I am ___14___ about this and hope that parents and teachers will ___15___ attention to the problem and join hands to force the young boys and girls ___16___ reading these novels.
Departments ___17___ in society should control the circulation of bad reading ___18___ and, in the meantime, provide ___19___ with ___20___ and more suitable books.
1. A. pick B. go C. make D. shoulder
2. A. story B. thing C. student D. book
3. A. by B. in C. over D. under
4. A. trying B. to try C. try D. tries
上海龙凤13145. A. That B. How C. What D. Which
上海龙凤13146. A. nor B. or C. so D. either
上海龙凤13147. A. usually B. seldom C. always D. often
上海龙凤13148. A. being praised B. being punished C. praised D. punishing
9. A. try to B. manage to C. want to D. hope to
10. A. give B. change C. lend D. borrow
11. A. Except B. Accept C. Besides D. Beside
上海龙凤131412. A. mostly B. at most C. most D. at the most
13. A. read B. to read C. can’t read D. reading
上海龙凤131414. A. worried B. worriedly C. worry D. worrying
上海龙凤131415. A. pay B. put up C. notice D. stand
上海龙凤131416. A. not to stop B. stopping C. to stop D. stop
17. A. interested B. concerned C. deal with D. connected
18. A. materials B. matter C. texts D. method
上海龙凤131419. A. college students B. grown-ups C. pupils D. senior students
上海龙凤131420. A. many more interested B. much more interest
C. more interesting D. much interesting
四、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
THE BRONTE FAMILY
(2004,全国)
Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels（小说）of the 19th century. These were Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. The youngest sister, Anne, was also a gifted novelist, and her books have the same extraordinary quality as her sisters’.
Their father was Patrick Bronte, born in Ireland. He moved with his wife, Maria Bronte, and their six small children to Haworth in Yorkshire in 1820. Soon after, Mrs Bronte and the two eldest children died, leaving the father to care for the remaining three girls and a boy.
Charlotte was born in 1816. Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. Left to themselves, the children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated. Branwell showed a great interest in drawing. The girls were determined to earn money for his art education. They took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes.
As children they had all written many stories. Charlotte, as a young girl, alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey. After much difficulty Anne and Emily found a publisher（出版商）,but there was no interest shown in Charlotte’s book.(It was not published until 1859.) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her work. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847.
上海龙凤1314Jane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. People did not like Wuthering Heights. They said it was too wild, too animallike. But gradually it came to be considered one of the finest novels in the English language. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of her book, and Anne died in 1849.
Charlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis（肺结核）as her sisters had.
1. What did the Bronte sisters want to do for Branwell Bronte?
A. Help him write stories. B. Help him get trained in art.
上海龙凤1314C. Teach him how to draw well. D. Teach him how to educate himself.
上海龙凤13142. We know from the text that __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. Jane Eyre was published in 1847
上海龙凤1314B. Charlotte Bronte wrote 22 books in all
C. the Bronte sisters received good education
D. Patrick Bronte helped his daughters with their writing
上海龙凤13143. Which of the following was published after the death of its writer?
A. Shirley. B. Villette. C. Agnes Grey. D.The Professor.
4. The underlined words“the other two”in the 5th paragraph refers to __________ .
A. Shirley and Villette
上海龙凤1314B. The Professor and Agnes Grey
C. Agnes Grey and Wuthering Heights
D. The Professor and Wuthering Heights
5. What do we know about the Bronte sisters from the text?
上海龙凤1314A. Their novels interested few publishers.
B. None of them had more than two books published.
C. None of them lived longer than 40 years old.
D. Emily was the least successful of the three.
B
上海龙凤1314Machines in the home have a short history. Sewing machines, washing machines and tumble dries are common enough today, but a hundred years ago few people could even imagine such things. However, inventors have designed and built a wide range of household machines since then. In most cases the inventor tried to patent（申请专利）his machine, to stop anyone copying it. Then he tried to produce a lot of them. If the machine became popular, the inventor could make a lot of money.
In 1790 the first sewing machine was patented. The inventor was an Englishman called Thomas Saint. There was nothing to match his machine for forty years, and then someone built a similar device. He was a Frenchman, Bartelemy Thimonier. Neither of these early machines worked very well, however. It wasn’t until 1846 that an inventor came up with a really efficient（高效的）sewing machine. He was an American, Elias Howe and his machine was good enough to beat five skilled sewing women. He didn’t make much money from it, however. The first commercially（商业的）successful sewing machine was patented by Isaac Singer five years later.
Today, we take washing machines for granted, but there was none before 1869. The revolving drum（旋转桶）of that first machine set a pattern for the future, but it was crude by today’s standards. The drum was turned by hand, and needed a lot of effort. Eight years passed before someone produced an electric washing machine. The world had to wait even longer for a machine to dry clothes. The first spin-drier was another American invention, patented in 1924; but it was 20 years before such machines were widely used.
上海龙凤1314It was yet another American, called Bissell, who introduced the carpet sweeper. He patented the original machine back in 1876. It didn’t pick up dirt very well, but it was quicker than a dustpan and brush. Thirty-six years later, even the carpet sweeper was old-fashioned: modern homes now have a vacuum cleaner（吸尘器）with an electric motor to such the dust.
上海龙凤13146. Inventors patent the inventions so as to __________ .
上海龙凤1314A. produce more machines B. avoid being copied by others
C. make the inventions more popular D. make more money
上海龙凤13147. Whose sewing machine could do the work that was done by five skilled sewing women?
A. Thomas Saint’s. B. Bartelemy Thimonier’s.
C. Isaac Singer’s. D. Elias Howe’s.
8. According to the article, modern inventors __________ .
A. follow the pattern of the first revolving drum but improve it much
B. only imitate the first washing machine
上海龙凤1314C. power the first ever-made washing machine by electricity
D. have to wait for the first spin-drier for a long time
9. The word“crude”in the sentence“but it was crude by today’s standards”probably means __________ .
A. useless B. ugly-looking C. rough D. not skillfully made
10. The article mainly tells us about __________ .
A. the great inventors in the world
上海龙凤1314B. the important inventions in the world
C. the short history of household machines
上海龙凤1314D. the importance of the machines used in
C
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration（迁移）is probably the migration of the fish, which is called“salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. Then it gives birth and dies there. In north