Language points.

1．constitution 1) 宪法

the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution

上海龙凤13142) 体格，体质

He has a weak constitution

3) 构造，构成

the constitution of starch (淀粉的构成)

2．achievement (U)取得，完成

（C）成就，成绩

（V）achieve

development government movement equipment

vt 完成 达到（目的），得到

1） By hard working we can achieve anything.

2） We have achieved success in developing the product.

上海龙凤13143．Mankind 人类 manmade (adj)

Manly 有男子气概的；刚强的

上海龙凤13144．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen

上海龙凤1314e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.

I can see trouble in store.

5．Likely

1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）

上海龙凤1314Our team is likely to win the game.

2) it is likely that + 从句

It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.

辨析：likely, possible与probable

Likely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”

Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。

Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”

上海龙凤1314Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；

上海龙凤1314Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。

6．Set up

1) 建立，成立

上海龙凤1314Set up home

Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.

2) 树立起来

Let’s set up the tent first.

3) 使（自己或他人）从事某职业（as）

He has set himself up as a bookseller.

上海龙凤1314他开始经营书籍。

Set about doing sth 着手做 set out to do sth

Set an example

Set fire to 点火；放火

上海龙凤1314Set off 出发，动身

Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问

上海龙凤1314set foot in/on sth.:enter or visit(a place);arrive

e.g.Don’t ever set foot in this house again!

Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.

7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公开的

Private property

上海龙凤1314Private school

a private door 便门

in private 在私下，秘密地

上海龙凤1314in public 公开地

8．Grasp vt

1) 抓住

Grasp sb by the arm

2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会

上海龙凤1314Grasp sb’s meaning

上海龙凤13143) n (常用单数)　紧握；把握；理解；理解力

上海龙凤1314　　Beyond sb’s grasp 力量达不到

Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。

Within sb’s grasp 力量达得到

上海龙凤13149．Master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师

Mistress n 女主人

Masterless adj 无主的

Mastermind n 非常聪明的人

Masterkey n 万能钥匙

Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作

The master of the house 家长

Master and man雇主与雇工

A master in literature 文学大师

Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士

Master of Science (MS) 理学硕士

Bachelor 学士 doctor 博士

上海龙凤1314Vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治

上海龙凤1314Master a foreign language

Man can master nature.

上海龙凤131410. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的

His reading is perfect.

He is a perfect stranger to us.

上海龙凤1314The perfect tense

Vt 使完美

上海龙凤1314They worked hard to perfect their dance.

上海龙凤1314Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧

上海龙凤1314Be perfect in English 精通英语

11．arrange

上海龙凤1314Vt 安排，筹划；整理，布置

上海龙凤13141） We have arranged a party.

上海龙凤13142） He arranged the books on the shelf.

N arrangement

上海龙凤1314(C pl) 安排；准备工作

（U，C）整理；排列；布置

12. have an effect on 对……产生影响

Take effect 开始生效；开始实行

In effect = in fact 实际上

13.rely on / upon : depend on…依赖，依靠；信赖，信任

We should rely on our own efforts.

上海龙凤1314我们应该自力更生。

You may rely on it that she won’t be late.

你可以放心，她不会迟到的。

上海龙凤131414．make it clear （that）…表明，讲清楚

上海龙凤1314e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.

上海龙凤1314She made clear her objections.

15．Failure (v fail) 失败(U)，失败的人或事（C）

Failure is the mother of success.

He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.

他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。

16．come to life: back to normal state,esp. of mind

苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来

After three hours’ saving,the injured man came to life.

When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.

17. mark

N 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征

上海龙凤1314An ink mark

上海龙凤1314A question mark

Full marks

Make a mark 作标记

上海龙凤1314Vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩

A dirt road marked with footprints 留有脚印的泥路

be marked with 标着……；(人、动物等身上)具有

Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。

上海龙凤1314mark examination papers.

18. outstanding

上海龙凤13141) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）

上海龙凤1314一名杰出的学生 an outstanding student

上海龙凤13142) 未完结的；未清的；未付的

上海龙凤1314Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款

上海龙凤131419．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就

上海龙凤1314A military breakthrough 军事突破

上海龙凤1314A scientific breakthrough 科学成就

20．enable

上海龙凤1314en-使+able能……的

enrich enlarge

上海龙凤1314strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加强，增强 vi 变强

上海龙凤1314they strengthened the city wall..

the wind strengthened.

Deep--deepen

上海龙凤1314Sharp-sharpen

上海龙凤1314Wide--widen

21. organ n 器官；风琴；机构，机关

上海龙凤1314The eyes are the organ of sight.

上海龙凤1314State organs

A government organ

Adj organic 有机物的；有机体的

N organism (C)生物，有机体，有机组织

Vt organize 组织

N organization 团体，机构，组织

上海龙凤131422. put forward 提出（建议、意见）；推荐，提名

上海龙凤1314He put forward a better plan.

上海龙凤1314We put her forward as chairman of the committee.

23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄准；目的在于；企图

上海龙凤1314He aimed his gun at the target.

上海龙凤1314Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.